Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass, which is one of the most abundant and renewable sources for the production of clean fuels and chemicals, consists mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The conversion of cellulose and hemi-cellulose to value added products has been extensively carried out over the last few decades. However, the direct conversion of lignin, the second most abundant aromatic polymer on earth, is challenging due to its heterogeneity and low reactivity. Most of the lignin produced in the pulp and paper industry is used as a fuel to generate heat and electricity. Recently, the chemical or biological conversion of lignin is considered one of the most promising technologies for the production of high-value products. The biological conversion of lignin has several advantages over the chemical co version route in terms of low operating costs, high specificity, and the absence of harsh operating conditions and hazardous chemicals. The present review summarizes recent studies on biological valorization of lignin to value-added products. Additionally, this review emphasizes the various lignin extraction techniques, catabolic pathways involved, necessary enzymes, and the major challenges of this process.
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Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2017R1A2B4002371 and 2019R1I1A3A02058523). PKD is thankful for the financial support provided by a Brain Korea 21 plus project grant. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Beom Soo Kim is a professor of chemical engineering at Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea. He studied chemical engineering at Seoul National University (1988), obtained a PhD in biochemical engineering at KAIST (1993), completed postdoctoral work at MIT Prof. Robert Langers lab (1998). He started his lab at Chungbuk National University (2001) and spent sabbatical research in Dr. Ching T. Hou's lab at National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research (NCAUR), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Peoria, Illinois (2005). He served as Editor-in-Chief, Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering Journal and is an Editorial Board member of several journals such as BioMed Research International, Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Polymers, and BMC Biotechnology. He published over 150 papers and one of his articles on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles has been cited more than 1200 times (Google scholar). His research interests include high cell density culture, biodegradable polymers, polyhydroxyalkanoates, biosynthesis and applications of nanomaterials, and biorefinery.
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Dikshit, P.K., Jun, HB. & Kim, B.S. Biological conversion of lignin and its derivatives to fuels and chemicals. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 37, 387–401 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-019-0458-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-019-0458-9