Abstract
Ethanol electrooxidation was thoroughly investigated on laboratory synthesized Pt-Ru nano electrocatalysts. Low cost acetylene black carbon functionalized by HNO3 was used as support material for synthesized Pt-Ru/CAB: electrocatalysts. The effect of synthesis methods on the major electrocatalytic properties of Pt-Ru/CAB electrocatalysts were studied thoroughly. The electrocatalysts Pt-Ru/CAB were manufactured by different chemical reduction methods. The electrocatalysts were designated as Pt-Ru/CAB-PLM for polyol reduction and Pt-Ru/CAB-FAM for formic acid reduction method, respectively. The electrocatalyst synthesis method and treatment of support material remarkably enhanced the catalytic performance of synthesized Pt-Ru/CAB electrocatalysts. The commercial Pt-Ru/C was selected as anode electrocatalyst for comparative study with the synthesis electrocatalyst in terms of performance in half cell study and in a single direct ethanol fuel cell as well. In the direct ethanol fuel cell, synthesized Pt-Ru/CAB-PLM produced maximum open circuit voltage of 0.71 V and highest power density of 6.02 mW/cm2 at a current density of 19.52 mA/cm2 at the room temperature of 35 °C. Whereas, the maximum power density of 5.13 mW/cm2 at a current density of 18.70 mA/cm2 and open circuit voltage of 0.717 V were obtained for commercial Pt-Ru/C electrocatalyst at the same temperature (35 °C). The power density enhanced around 2.17 times when cell temperature was increased from 35 °C to 80 °C using anode electrocatalyst Pt-Ru/CAB-PLM. The performance of synthesized Pt-Ru/CAB-PLM is excellent for the ethanol electrooxidation and, thus, could replace commercial Pt-Ru/C.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
H. Liu, C. Song, L. Zhang, J. Zhang, H. Wang and D. P. Wilkinson, J. Power Sources, 155, 95 (2006).
E. Antolini, J. Power Sources, 170, 1 (2007).
H. Huang and X. Wang, J. Mater. Chem., A, 2, 6266 (2014).
H. Pramanik and S. Basu, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 85, 781 (2007).
H. Pramanik, S. Basu and A. A. Wragg, J. Appl. Electrochem., 38, 1321 (2008).
C. Lamy, A. Lima, V. LeRhun, F. Delime, C. Coutanceau and J.-M. Leger, J. Power Sources, 105, 283 (2002).
A. K. Rathoure and H. Pramanik, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 41, 15287 (2016).
F. Colmati, E. Antolini and E. R. Gonzalez, J. Power Sources, 157, 98 (2006).
L. Colmenares, H. Wang, Z. Jusys, L. Jiang, S. Yan, G. Q. Sun and R. J. Behm, Electrochim. Acta, 52, 221 (2006).
K. Fatih, V. Neburchilov, V. Alzate, R. Neagu and H. Wang, J. Power Sources, 195, 7168 (2010).
W. Zhou, Z. Zhou, S. Song, W. Li, G. Sun, P. Tsiakaras and Q. Xin, Appl. Catal. B, 46, 273 (2003).
P. E. Tsiakaras, J. Power Sources, 171, 107 (2007).
M. J. Lázaro, V. Celorrio, L. Calvillo, E. Pastor and R. Moliner, J. Power Sources, 196, 4236 (2011).
S. Samad, K. S. Loh, W. Y. Wong, T. K. Lee, J. Sunarso, S. T. Chong and W. R. Daud, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 43, 7823 (2018).
K. Wikander, H. Ekstrom, A. E. C. Palmqvist, A. Lundblad, K. Holmberg and G. Lindbergh, Fuel Cells, 6, 21 (2006).
Y. Shao, G. Yin, J. Zhang and Y. Gao, Electrochim. Acta, 51, 5853 (2006).
M. Uchida, Y. Fukuoka, Y. Sugawara, N. Eda and A. Ohta, J. Electrochem. Soc., 143, 2245 (1996).
K. Han, J. Lee and H. Kim, Electrochim. Acta, 52, 1697 (2006).
M. Zhiani, J. Jalili, B. Rezaei and M. M. Taghiabadi, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 38, 5419 (2013).
N. Lakshmi, N. Rajalakshmi and K. S. Dhathathreyan, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys., 39, 2785 (2006).
K.-S. Lee, H.-Y. Park, Y.-H. Cho, I.-S. Park, S. J. Yoo and Y.-E. Sung, J. Power Sources, 195, 1031 (2010).
E. Lee, A. Murthy and A. Manthiram, Electrochim. Acta, 56, 1611 (2011).
G. Alvarez, F. Alcaide, O. Miguel, L. Calvillo, M. J. Lázaro, J. J. Quintana, J. C. Calderón and E. Pastor. J. Solid State Electrochem., 14, 1027 (2010).
V. M. Nikolić, D. L. Žugić, A. D. Maksić, D. P. Šaponjić and M. P. Kaninski, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 36, 11004 (2011).
J. G. de La Fuente, M. Martinez-Huerta, S. Rojas, P. Hernandez-Fernandez, P. Terreros, J. L. Fierro and M. A. Peña, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 88, 505 (2009).
K.-J. Huang, J.-Z. Zhang, Y. L. Jia, K. Xing and Y.-M. Liu, J. Alloys Compd., 641, 119 (2015).
J. J. Tang, J. Yang, X. Y. Zhou, J. Xie and G. H. Chen, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 143, 54 (2014).
C. Zu, Y.-S. Su and Y. Fu, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 15, 2291 (2013).
L.-X. Miao, W.-K. Wang, M. J. Wang, A.-B. Wang, K.-G. Yuan and Y.-S. Yang, J. Mater. Chem. A, 1, 11659 (2013).
G. Jin, Z. Mingang, Y. Shijian, Y. Xiaoyan and W. Shiwei, Ionics, 24, 2219 (2018).
J. Goel and S. Basu, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 39, 15956 (2014).
B. Yang, Q. Lu, Y. Wang, L. Zhuang, J. Lu and P. Liu, Chem. Mater., 15, 3552 (2003).
J. Datta, S. Singh, S. Das and N. R. Bandyopadhyay, Bull. Mater. Sci., 32, 643 (2009).
H. Li, G. Sun, L. Cao, L. Jiang and Q. Xin, Electrochim. Acta, 52, 6622 (2007).
E. Antolini and F. Cardellini, J Alloy Compd., 315, 118 (2001).
E. Antolini, F. Giorgi, F. Cardellini and E. Passalacqua, J. Solid State Electrochem., 5, 131 (2001).
G. Wang, T. Takeguchi, E. N. Muhamad, T. Yamanaka and W. Ueda, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 36, 3322 (2011).
J. Tayal, B. Rawat and S. Basu, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 37, 4597 (2012).
D. Chu and S. Gilman, J. Electrochem. Soc., 143, 1685 (1996).
F. I. Pires, P. G. Corradini, V. A. Paganin, E. Antolini and J. Perez, Ionics, 19, 1037 (2013).
K. C. Park, I. Y. Jang, W. Wongwiriyapan, S. Morimoto, Y. J. Kim, Y. C. Jung, T. Toya and M. Endo, J. Mater. Chem., 20, 5345 (2010).
D. R. Rolison, P. L. Hagans, K. E. Swider and J. W. Long, Langmuir, 15, 774 (1999).
A. S. Aricó, V. Baglio, A. Di Blasi, E. Modica, P. L. Antonucci and V. Antonucci, J. Electroanal. Chem., 557, 167 (2003).
R. K. Raman, A. K. Shukla, A. Gayen, M. S. Hegde, K. R. Priolkar, P. R. Sarode and S. Emura, J. Power Sources, 157, 45 (2006).
Y. Qian, W. Wen, P. A. Adcock, Z. Jiang, N. Hakim, M. S. Saha and S. Mukerjee, J. Phys. Chem. C, 112, 1146 (2008).
J. Tayal, B. Rawat and S. Basu, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 36, 14884 (2011).
V. Alzate, K. Fatih and H. Wang, J. Power Sources, 196, 10625 (2011).
J. Goel and S. Basu, Energy Procedia, 1, 66 (2012).
J. Larminie and A. Dicks, 2nd Ed., Wiley, Sussex, 53 (2003).
M. C. Figueiredo, O. Sorsa, R. M. Arán-Ais, N. Doan, J. M. Feliu and T. Kallio, J. Catal., 329, 69 (2015).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Choudhary, A.K., Pramanik, H. Synthesis of low-cost HNO3-functionalized acetylene black carbon supported Pt-Ru/CAB nano electrocatalysts for the application in direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC). Korean J. Chem. Eng. 36, 1688–1707 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-019-0343-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-019-0343-6