Abstract
We introduce a facile strategy to upcycle lignin waste to valuable activated carbon (AC). Unlike conventional preparation processes of AC, such as high-temperature carbonization above 600 °C followed by chemical or physical activation, we synthesized AC through low-carbonization (∼300 °C), ball-milling, and thermal activation. Low-temperature carbonization effectively led to the formation of the micro-pores and simultaneously high yield. Uniform activated morphology of char lignin is achieved through a ball-milling process. The as-synthesized AC exhibited a large specific surface area of 1075.18 m2 g−1, high specific capacitance of 115.1 F g−1, and excellent adsorbability of 0.23 gtoluene per gactivated carbon. Therefore, we believe that the presented facile strategy could lead to the realization of upcycling of lignin waste to highly useful AC.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
S. Chatterjee and T. Saito, ChemSusChem, 8, 3941 (2015).
A. Duval and M. Lawoko, React. Funct. Polym, 85, 78 (2014).
K. Barta, P. Anastas, E. Beach, T. Hansen, G. Warner and P. Foley, U.S. Patent, 10,059,650 (2018).
M. N. Belgacem and A. Gandini, Monomers, polymers and composites from renewable resources, Amsterdam, Elsevier (2008).
H.-I. Joh, H. K. Song, C.-H. Lee, J.-M. Yun, S. M. Jo, S. Lee, S.-I. Na, A.-T. Chien and S. Kumar, Carbon, 70, 308 (2014).
H.-I. Joh, H. K. Song, K.-B. Yi and S. Lee, Carbon, 53, 409 (2013).
S. Sircar, T. C. Golden and M. B. Rao, Carbon, 34, 1 (1996).
P. J. M. Carrott and M. M. L. Ribeiro Carrott, Bioresour. Technol., 98, 2301 (2007).
Z. Gao, Y Zhang, N. Song and X. Li, Mater. Res. Lett, 5, 69 (2017).
D. A. and G. Hegde, RSC Adv., 5, 88339 (2015).
A. Kumar, H. Hegde, S. A. B. A. Manaf, Z. Ngaini and K. V Sharma, Chem. Commun, 50, 12702 (2014).
E. Gonzalez-Serrano, T. Cordero, J. Rodriguez-Mirasol, L. Cotoruelo and J. J. Rodriguez, Water Res., 38, 3043 (2004).
R. J. Paterson, Lignin: properties and applications in biotechnology and bioenergy, Nova Science Publishers (2012).
S. Yorgun, N. Vural and H. Demiral, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 122, 189 (2009).
M. A. Lillo-Ródenas, D. Cazorla-Amoros and A. Linares-Solano, Carbon, 41, 267 (2003).
T Kou, B. Yao, T Liu and Y. Li, J. Mater. Chem. A, 5, 17151 (2017).
X. Ma, H. Yang, L. Yu, Y. Chen and Y. Li, Materials, 7, 4431 (2014).
J. Rodriguez-Mirasol, T. Cordero and J. J. Rodriguez, Energy Fuels, 7, 133 (1993).
X. Xie, B. Goodell, D. Zhang, D. C. Nagle, Y. Qian, M. L. Peterson and J. Jellison, Bioresour. Technol., 100, 1797 (2009).
M. Kijima, T. Hirukawa, F. Hanawa and T. Hata, Bioresour. Technol, 102, 6279 (2011).
M. Brebu, G. Cazacu and O. Chirila, Cell. Chem. Technol, 45, 43 (2011).
M. Brebu and C. Vasile, Cell. Chem. Technol, 44, 353 (2010).
R. Alén, E. Kuoppala and P. Oesch, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 36, 137 (1996).
J. Rodrigues, J. Graça and H. Pereira, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 58–59, 481 (2001).
D. Yang, L.-X. Zhong, T.-Q. Yuan, X.-W. Peng and R.-C. Sun, Ind. Crop. Prod, 43, 141 (2013).
K. Oh, S. Lee, S. Park, B.-C. Ku, S. H. Lee, Y. H. Bang and H.-I. Joh, Sci. Adv. Mater., 9, 1566 (2017).
E. Arenas and F. Chejne, Carbon, 42, 2451 (2004).
A. Zolin, A. D. Jensen, P. A. Jensen and K. Dam-Johansen, Fuel, 81, 1065 (2002).
R. Azargohar and A. K. Dalai, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 85, 219 (2005).
M. J. Lashaki, M. Fayaz, H. Wang, Z. Hashisho, J. H. Philips, J. E. Anderson and M. Nichols, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 4083 (2012).
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (NRF-2018R1D1A1B07045368 and NRF-2018M1A2A2061989).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, YK., Chung, S., Hwang, S.Y. et al. Upcycling of lignin waste to activated carbon for supercapacitor electrode and organic adsorbent. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 36, 1543–1547 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-019-0340-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-019-0340-9