Abstract
The compound 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), a metabolite of the broad-spectrum organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos, is both more persistent and more water soluble than its parent compound. This difference, which allows TCPy to more readily leach into surface water and groundwater, has led to widespread contamination of TCPy in soils and aquatic environments. In this study, the degradation of TCPy by sulfate radicals was evaluated using zero valent iron activated persulfate in aqueous media. Response surface methodology coupled with Box-Behnken design was applied to evaluate the effects of the independent variables (concentration of zero valent iron, concentration of persulfate, and pH) on the mineralization of TCPy by zero valent iron activated persulfate system. The interactions, coefficients, and residuals of these variables were statically evaluated by analysis of variance. Based on the model, the optimum conditions for maximum TCPy mineralization were determined as 10.4mM of persulfate, 1.2 g/L of zero valent iron and an initial pH of 3.2. The reaction kinetics of the degradation process were examined as functions of persulfate concentration, zero valent iron concentration, and pH. Results show that zero valent iron activated persulfate can effectively remove TCPy in water with a high mineralization rate of up to 81.1%. The degradation pathways of TCPy were proposed based on the products identified by GC-MS. Calculated ΔG values using density functional theory agreed with the proposed experimental pathway.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
A. Grube, D. Donaldson, T. Kiely and L. Wu, US EPA (2011).
S. Uniyal and R. K. Sharma, Biosens. Bioelectron., 116, 37 (2018).
S. Khalid, I. Hashmi and S. J. Khan, J. Environ. Manage., 168, 1 (2016).
USEPA (2002). Interim reregistration eligibility decision for chlorpyrifos, Washington D. C. USGPO.
S. M. Amer and F. A. Aly, Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology, 279(3), 165 (1992).
J. M. Van Emon, P. Pan and F. van Breukelen, Chemosphere, 191, 537 (2018).
R. Žabar, S. Mohamed, A. T. Lebedev, O. V. Polyakova and P. Trebše, Chemosphere, 144, 615 (2016).
A. Seidmohammadi, R. Amiri, J. Faradmal, M. Lili and G. Asgari, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 35(3), 694 (2018).
I. A. Ike, K. Linden, J. D. Orbell and M. Duke, Chem. Eng. J., 338(15), 651 (2018).
C. Barrera-Díaz, P. Cañizares, F. J. Fernández, R. Natividad and M. A. Rodrigo, J. Mex. Che. Soc., 58(3), 256 (2014).
X. Wang, J. Min, S. Li, X. Zhu, X. Cao, S. Yuan, X. Zuo and X. Deng, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 6(3), 4078 (2018).
P. Jeon, S.-M. Park and K. Baek, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 34(5), 1305 (2017).
A. Tsitonaki, B. Petri, M. Crimi, H. Mosbæk, R. L. Siegrist and P. L. Bjerg, Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., 40(1), 55 (2010).
L. Zhou, Y. Zhang, R. Ying, G. Wang, T. Long, J. Li and Y. Lin, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 24(12), 11549 (2017).
E. M. Kennedy and J. C. Mackie, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52(13), 7327 (2018).
Z. H. U. Changyin, Z. H. U. Fengxiao, W. A. N. G. Fuwang, G. A. O. Juan, F. A. N. Guangping, Z. H. O. U. Dongmei and F. A. N. G. Guodong, Pedosphere, 27(3), 465 (2017).
R. Li, L. He, T. Zhou, X. Ji, M. Qian, Y. Zhou and Q. Wang, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 406(12), 2899 (2014).
C. Liang, C. F. Huang, N. Mohanty and R. M. Kurakalva, Chemosphere, 73(9), 1540 (2008).
APHA, Standard methods for the examination of water wastewater, 20th Ed., American Public Health Association (1998).
S. Das and S. Mishra, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 5(1), 588 (2017).
X. Wei, N. Gao, C. Li, Y. Deng, S. Zhou and L. Li, Chem. Eng. J., 285, 660 (2016).
A. Ghauch, G. Ayoub and S. Naim, Chem. Eng. J., 228, 1168 (2013).
I. Hussain, Y. Zhang, S. Huang and X. Du, Chem. Eng. J., 203, 269 (2012).
L. W. Matzek and K. E. Carter, Chemosphere, 151, 178 (2016).
C. Liang and H.-W. Su, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 48(11), 5558 (2009).
Y. Wang, S. Y. Chen, X. Yang, X. F. Huang, Y. H. Yang, E. K. He, S. Wang and R. L. Qiu, Chem. Eng. J., 317, 613 (2017).
C. C. Teh, N. A. Ibrahim and W. M. Z. W. Yunus, BioResources, 8(4), 5244 (2013).
H. Kusic, I. Peternel, N. Koprivanac and A. Loncaric Bozic, J. Environ. Eng., 137(6), 454 (2010).
G. P. Anipsitakis, D. D. Dionysiou and M. A. Gonzalez, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40(3), 1000 (2006).
Y. Feng, R. D. Minard and J. M. Bollag, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 17(5), 814 (1998).
G. K. Low, S. R. McEvoy and R. W. Matthews, Environ. Sci. Technol., 25(3), 460 (1991).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mogharbel, R., Liu, M., Zou, S. et al. Degradation and statistical optimization of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol by zero valent iron-activated persulfate. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 36, 540–550 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-018-0222-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-018-0222-6