Abstract
An Fe2O3 catalyst was applied to the production of high-calorie synthetic natural gas (SNG). With this catalyst, the product distribution changed as the surface composition of the Fe2O3 catalyst changed. The effect of these changes on the catalytic activity was investigated. The active phases of the Fe2O3 catalyst were a mixture of low-carbon FeCx and Fe3C, which was maintained for 10 h, accompanied by the regeneration of Fe3O4. The surface Fe concentration increased after 10 h reaction, and this increased the CO conversion. In addition, the amounts of adsorbed C2H4 and C3H6 increased, which resulted in an increase in carbon chain growth. The surface concentration of oxygen also increased due to the regeneration of Fe3O4, thus reducing the C3H6 adsorption strength; in contrast, C2H4 adsorption increased, resulting in an enhanced paraffin-to-olefin (p/o) ratio for C2 hydrocarbons and reduced p/o ratio for C3 hydrocarbons.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Statistical Review of World Energy, British Petroleum (2015).
The Paris Agreement, in: The Conference of the Parties Twentyfirst Session (COP 21), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (2015).
World Energy Outlook 2015, International Energy Agency (2015).
Lower and higher heating values of gas, liquid and solid fuels, Biomass Energy Data Book, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (2011).
NIST Chemistry Webbook, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Washington, D.C. <http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/>.
T. Kume and T. Ohashi, Gas quality variation impact on gas appliances in Japan: A status report, 25th World Gas Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (2012).
Y. Nishiyama, Energy in Japan, Credit Suisse (2012).
Heat content of natural gas consumed, U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).
M. Korchemkin, Gazprom unlikely to win a price war, East European Gas Analysis (EEGA) (2016).
Scale Does Matter, Gazprom (2012).
C. A. Koh, Chem. Soc. Rev., 31, 157 (2002).
Q. W. Zhang, X.H. Li, K. Asami, S. Asaoka and K. Fujimoto, Catal. Today, 104, 30 (2005).
Q. Zhang, X. Li, K. Asami, S. Asaoka and K. Fujimoto, Catal. Lett., 102, 51 (2005).
Q. J. Ge, X. H. Li, H. Kaneko and K. Fujimoto, J. Mol. Catal. AChem., 278, 215 (2007).
Q. J. Ge, Y. Lian, X.D. Yuan, X. H. Li and K. Fujimoto, Catal. Commun., 9, 256 (2008).
Q. J. Ge, T. Tomonobu, K. Fujimoto and X. H. Li, Catal. Commun., 9, 1775 (2008).
X. G. Ma, Q. J. Ge, C.Y. Fang, J. G. Ma and H.Y. Xu, Fuel, 90, 2051 (2011).
Q. W. Zhang, T. Ma, M. Zhao, T. Tomonobu and X. H. Li, Catal. Sci. Technol., 6, 1523 (2016).
Y. W. Li, D. H. He, Z. X. Cheng, C. L. Su, J.R. Li and Q. M. Zhu, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 175, 267 (2001).
Y. W. Li, D. H. He, Y. B. Yuan, Z. X. Cheng and Q. M. Zhu, Fuel, 81, 1611 (2002).
Y. W. Li, D. H. He, Q. M. Zhu, X. Zhang and B.Q. Xu, J. Catal., 221, 584 (2004).
Y. W. Li, D. H. He, Z. H. Zhu, Q. M. Zhu and B.Q. Xu, Appl. Catal. A-Gen., 319, 119 (2007).
Z. H. Zhu and D. H. He, Fuel, 87, 2229 (2008).
S. H. Ge, D. H. He and Z. P. Li, Catal. Lett., 126, 193 (2008).
R. J. Zhang, H. M. Liu and D. H. He, Catal. Commun., 26, 244 (2012).
H. M. T. Galvis and K.P. de Jong, ACS Catal., 3, 2130 (2013).
H. M. T. Galvis, J. H. Bitter, C.B. Khare, M. Ruitenbeek, A. I. Dugulan and K. P. de Jong, Science, 335, 835 (2012).
H. M. T. Galvis, J.H. Bitter, T. Davidian, M. Ruitenbeek, A. I. Dugulan and K. P. de Jong, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 134, 16207 (2012).
S. H. Kang, J.W. Bae, P.S.S. Prasad and K.W. Jun, Catal. Lett., 125, 264 (2008).
M. E. Dry, FT catalysts, in: A. P. Steynberg, M. E. Dry (Eds.), Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 533 (2004).
B. C. Enger and A. Holmen, Catal. Rev., 54, 437 (2012).
T. Inui, A. Sakamoto, T. Takeguchi and Y. Ishigaki, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 28, 427 (1989).
Y. H. Lee, H. Kim, H. S. Choi, D.W. Lee and K.Y. Lee, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 32, 2220 (2015).
Y. H. Lee, D.W. Lee, H. Kim, H. S. Choi and K.Y. Lee, Fuel, 159, 259 (2015).
M. K. Gnanamani, H.H. Hamdeh, W.D. Shafer, D. E. Sparks and B. H. Davis, Catal. Lett., 143, 1123 (2013).
M. Y. Ding, Y. Yang, B. S. Wu, J. Xu, C. H. Zhang, H.W. Xiang and Y.W. Li, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 303, 65 (2009).
E. de Smit and B. M. Weckhuysen, Chem. Soc. Rev., 37, 2758 (2008).
J. W. Kolis, E. M. Holt and D.F. Shriver, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 105, 7307 (1983).
W. C. Wu, Z. L. Wu, C. H. Liang, X. W. Chen, P. L. Ying and C. Li, J. Phys. Chem. B, 107, 7088 (2003).
Y. F. Liu, J. J. Luo, M. Girleanu, O. Ersen, C. Pham-Huu and C. Meny, J. Catal., 318, 179 (2014).
S. Logdberg, M. Lualdi, S. Jaras, J. C. Walmsley, E.A. Blekkan, E. Rytter and A. Holmen, J. Catal., 274, 84 (2010).
Y. H. Lee, D. W. Lee and K.Y. Lee, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 425, 190 (2016).
A. V. Naumkin, A. Kraut-Vass, S. W. Gaarenstroom and C. J. Powell, NIST X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database-NIST Standard Reference Database 20, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (2012).
F. Jiang, L. Zeng, S.R. Li, G. Liu, S. P. Wang and J. L. Gong, ACS Catal., 5, 438 (2015).
M. O. Ozbek and J. W. Niemantsverdriet, J. Catal., 317, 158 (2014).
E. W. Kuipers, I. H. Vinkenburg and H. Oosterbeek, J. Catal., 152, 137 (1995).
G. P. Van der Laan and A. A. C. M. Beenackers, Catal. Rev., 41, 255 (1999).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This article is dedicated to Prof. Sung Hyun Kim on the occasion of his retirement from Korea University.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, Y.H., Lee, KY. Effect of surface composition of Fe catalyst on the activity for the production of high-calorie synthetic natural gas (SNG). Korean J. Chem. Eng. 34, 320–327 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-016-0272-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-016-0272-6