Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are linear polyesters synthesized by microbial fermentation of various substrates. PHAs are accumulated in microbial cells in order to store carbon and energy for future use. We used acid-pre-treated red alga (Gelidium amansii) as a cheap, abundant carbon source to produce PHA via batch and fed-batch cultivation of Bacillus megaterium KCTC 2194. After acid treatment of 10% (w/v) G. amansii, 25.5 g/L galactose, 3.6 g/L glucose, 6 g/L 5-HMF, and 1.05 g/L levulinic acid were formed. In batch culture at pH 7, the dry cell weight (DCW) and PHA content increased to 5.5 g/L and 51.4%, respectively. The cell concentration was enhanced by fed-batch cultivation using two feeding strategies: pH-stat and intermittent feeding. When the pH-stat feeding strategy was employed to add concentrated hydrolysate to the fermentor, DCW increased to 8.2 g/L, with 53.2% PHA content. When concentrated hydrolysate was fed using the intermittent feeding strategy, higher DCW (10.1 g/L) was obtained, along with a slight increase of PHA content to 54.5%. This study demonstrates that red algae could be used after simple acid treatment, to produce PHA without steps for enzymatic hydrolysis and inhibitor removal.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
P. Suriyamongkol, R. Weselake, S. Narine, M. Moloney and S. Shah, Biotechnol Adv., 25, 148 (2007).
H.R. Ghatak, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews., 15, 4042 (2011).
D. Pleissner, W.C. Lam, W. Han, K.Y. Lau, L.C. Cheung, M.W. Lee, H.M. Lei, K.Y. Lo, W.Y. Ng, Z. Sun, M. Melikoglu and C. S. K. Lin, BioMed Res. Int., 2014, 819474 (2014).
J. H. Yun, S. S. Sawant and B. S. Kim, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 30, 2223 (2013).
T.Y. Huang, K. J. Duan, S.Y. Huang and C.W. Chen, J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 33, 701 (2006).
S. Obruca, I. Marova, S. Melusova and L. Mravcova, Annals of Microbiol., 61, 947 (2011).
M. K. Gouda, A. E. Swellam and S. H. Omar, Microbiol. Res., 156, 201 (2001).
K. Lüning and S. Pang, J. Appl. Phycol., 15, 115 (2003).
B.H. Buck and C.M. Buchholz, J. Appl. Phycol., 16, 355 (2004).
J. H. Park, J.Y. Hong, H. C. Jang, S. G. Oh, S. H. Kim, J. J. Yoon and Y. J. Kim, Bioresour. Technol., 108, 83 (2012).
C. H. Ra, G.T. Jeong, M. K. Shin and S. K. Kim, Bioresour. Technol., 140, 421 (2013).
G. Sathiyanarayanan, G. S. Kiran, J. Selvin and G. Saibaba, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 60, 253 (2013).
J. Quinn, J. Peden and R. Dick, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 31, 283 (1989).
S.Y. Lee, J. Choi and H.H. Wong, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 25, 31 (1999).
S. P. Valappil, S. K. Misra, A.R. Boccaccini, T. Keshavarz, C. Bucke and I. Roy, J. Biotechnol., 132, 251 (2007).
S. Vishnuvardhan Reddy, M. Thirumala and S. Mahmood, World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 25, 391 (2009).
R. Jeffcoat, Biochem. Soc. Trans., 17, 1137 (1989).
B. Alkotaini, E. Sathiyamoorthi and B. S. Kim, Biotechnol. Bioproc. Eng., 20, 856 (2015).
B.H.H. Eva Palmqvist, Bioresour. Technol., 74, 25 (2000).
S. Labuzek and I. Radecka, J. Appl. Microbiol., 90, 353 (2001).
X. Gao, X.X. Yuan, Z.Y. Shi, Y.Y. Guo, X.W. Shen, J.C. Chen, Q. Wu and G.-Q. Chen, Microb. Cell Fact., 11, 130 (2012).
J. López, J. Naranjo, J. Higuita, M. Cubitto, C. Cardona and M. Villar, Biotechnol. Bioproc. Eng., 17, 250 (2012).
Z. Sun, J. A. Ramsay, M. Guay and B. Ramsay, J. Biotechnol., 132, 280 (2007).
X. J. Jiang, Z. Sun, J.A. Ramsay and B.A. Ramsay, AMB Express., 3, 50 (2013).
P. Kanjanachumpol, S. Kulpreecha, V. Tolieng and N. Thongchul, Bioproc. Biosyst. Eng., 36, 1463 (2013).
S.R. Pandian, V. Deepak, K. Kalishwaralal, N. Rameshkumar, M. Jeyaraj and S. Gurunathan, Bioresour. Technol., 101, 705 (2010).
Q. Wu, H. Huang, G. Hu, J. Chen, K.P. Ho and G.Q. Chen, Anton. Van Leeuw., 80, 111 (2001).
G. Singh, A. Kumari, A. Mittal, A. Yadav and N. K. Aggarwal, BioMed Res. Int., 2013, 952641 (2013).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Alkotaini, B., Koo, H. & Kim, B.S. Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by batch and fed-batch cultivations of Bacillus megaterium from acid-treated red algae. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 33, 1669–1673 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-015-0293-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-015-0293-6