Abstract
A novel magnetic porous sorbent obtained from agricultural waste rice husk was successfully synthesized through a simple carbon-thermal method. The sorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, N2 sorption analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The removal efficiency of the sorbent for Cr(VI) was also investigated. Chromium adsorption was fitted by the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models. The maximum chromium adsorption capacity, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, and average Barrett-Joyner-Halenda pore size of the magnetic sorbent were 157. 7mg·g−1, 134. 1m2·g−1, and 4. 99 nm, respectively. The saturated magnetization of the novel adsorbent was 77. 8 emu·g−1, indicating that the material can facilitate separation and recovery from aqueous systems. The removal mechanisms of Cr(VI) were also discussed. The result illustrates that rice husk-derived magnetic carbonaceous materials are a potential adsorbent for Cr(VI) pollution treatment and provide a suitable method for the effective conversion of biomass waste, which may solve the problem of waste disposal and widen the applications of the materials.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
V. K. Gupta, R. Jain, A. Mittal, T. A. Saleh, A. Nayak, S. Agarwal and S. Sikarwar, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 32, 12 (2012).
T. A. Saleh and V. K. Gupta, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 19, 1224 (2012).
V. K. Gupta, S. K. Srivastava, D. Mohan and S. Sharma, Waste Manage., 17, 517 (1998).
V. K. Gupta, S. Agarwal and T. A. Saleh, J. Hazard. Mater., 185, 17 (2011).
V. K. Gupta, R. Jain, A. Nayak, S. Agarwal and M. Shrivastava, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 31, 1062 (2011).
V. K. Gupta and A. Nayak, Chem. Eng. J., 180, 81 (2012).
T. A. Saleh and V. K. Gupta, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 371, 101 (2012).
H. Khani, M. K. Rofouei, P. Arab, V. K. Gupta and Z. Vafaei, J. Hazard. Mater., 183, 402 (2010).
S. Karthikeyan, V. K. Gupta, R. Boopathy, A. Titus and G. Sekaran, J. Mol. Liq., 173, 153 (2012).
H. B. Gu, S. B. Rapole, Y. D. Huang, D. M. Cao, Z. P. Luo, S. Y. Wei and Z. H. Guo, J. Mater. Chem. A, 1, 2011 (2013).
A. A. Hasin, S. J. Gurman, L. M. Murphy, A. Perry, T. J. Smith and P. H. E. Gardiner, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 400 (2010).
L. F. Chen, H. W. Liang, Y. Lu, C. H. Cui and S. H. Yu, Langmuir, 27, 8998 (2011).
V. K. Gupta, I. Ali, T A. Saleh, A. Nayak and S. Agarwal, RSC Adv., 2, 6380 (2012).
X. J. Hu, J. S. Wang, Y. G. Liu, X. Li, G. M. Zeng, Z. L. Bao, X. X. Zeng, A. W. Chen and F. Long, J. Hazard. Mater., 185, 306 (2011).
A. Mittal, J. Mittal, A. Malviya, D. Kaur and V. K. Gupta, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 342, 518 (2010).
A. Mittal, D. Kaur, A. Malviya, J. Mittal and V. K. Gupta, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 337, 345 (2009).
A. Mittal, J. Mittal, A. Malviya and V. K. Gupta, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 340, 16 (2009).
A. Mittal, J. Mittal, A. Malviya and V. K. Gupta, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 344, 497 (2010).
A. K. Jain, V. K. Gupta, A. Bhatnagar & Suhas, Sep. Sci. Technol., 38, 463 (2003).
V. K. Gupta and I. Ali, Water Res., 35, 33 (2001).
V. K. Gupta, S. Sharma, I. S. Yadav and D. Mohan, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 71, 180 (1998).
T. A. Saleh, S. Agarwal and V. K. Gupta, Appl. Catal. B, 106, 46 (2011).
V. K. Gupta, R. Kumar, A. Nayak, T. A. Saleh and M. A. Barakat, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 193-194, 24 (2013).
V. K. Gupta, P. Singh and N. Rahman, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 275, 398 (2004).
V. K. Gupta, B. Gupta, A. Rastogi, S. Agarwal and A. Nayak, Water Res., 45, 4047 (2011).
V. K. Gupta, A. Mittal, D. Jhare and J. Mittal, RSC Adv., 2, 8381 (2012).
V. K. Gupta, I. Ali, V. K. Saini, T. V. Gerven, B. V. Bruggen and C. Vandecasteele, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44, 3655 (2005).
L. L. Wang, Y. P. Guo, Y. C. Zhu, Y. Li, Y. N. Qu, C. G. Rong, X. Y. Ma and Z. C. Wang, Bioresour. Technol., 101, 9807 (2010).
K. S. Low, C. K. Lee and A. Y. Ng, J. Environ. Sci. Health, 32, 1849 (1997).
Y. P. Guo, J. R. Qi, S. F. Yang, K. F. Yu, Z. C. Wang and H. D. Xu, Mater. Chem. Phy., 78, 132 (2002).
N. R. Bishnoi, M. Bajaj, N. Sharma and A. Gupta, Bioresour. Technol., 91, 305 (2004).
Y. Li, S. M. Zhu, Q. L. Liu, Z. X. Chen, J. J. Gu, C. L. Zhu, T. Lu, D. Zhang and J. Ma, Water Res., 47, 4188 (2013).
D. H. K. Reddy and S. M. Lee, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 201-202, 68 (2013).
X. D. Zhu, Y. C. Liu, C. Zhou, G. Luo, S. C. Zhang and J. M. Chen, Carbon, 77, 627 (2014).
L. H. Zhang, Q. Sun, D. H. Liu and A. H. Lu, J. Mater. Chem. A, 1, 9477 (2013).
H. B. Gu, D. W. Ding, P. Sameer, J. Guo, N. Yerra, Y. D. Huang, Z. P. Luo, T. C. Ho, N. Haldolaarachchige, D. P. Young, A. Khasanov, Z. H. Guo and S. Y. Wei, ECS Solid State Letters, 2(12), M65 (2013).
X. D. Zhu, Y. C. Liu, G. Luo, F. Qian, S. C. Zhang and J. M. Chen, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 5840 (2014).
B. Qiu, H. B. Gu, X. R. Yan, J. Guo, Y. R. Wang, D. Z. Sun, Q. Wang, M. Khan, X. Zhang, B. L. Weeks, D. P. Young, Z. H. Guo and S. Y. Wei, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2, 17454 (2014).
B. S. Ndazi, S. Karlsson, J. V. Tesha and C. W. Nyahumwa, Composites, 38, 925 (2007).
S. Chowdhury, R. Mishra, P. Saha and P. Kushwaha, Desalination, 265, 159 (2011).
L. Lin, S. R. Zhai, Z. Y. Xiao, N. Liu, Y. Song, B. Zhai and Q. D. An, Bioresour. Technol., 125, 172 (2012).
L. Lin, S. R. Zhai, Z. Y. Xiao, Y. Song, Q. D. An and X. W. Song, Bioresour. Technol., 136, 437 (2013).
Y. Chen, S. R. Zhai, N. Liu, Y. Song, Q. D. An and X. W. Song, Bioresour. Technol., 144, 401 (2013).
J. J. Ma, L. C. Zhou, W. F. Dan, H. Zhang, Y. M. Shao, C. Bao and L. Y. Jing, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 446, 298 (2015).
H. Y. Zhu, Y. Q. Fu, R. Jiang, J. H. Jiang, L. Xiao, G. M. Zeng, S. L. Zhao and Y. Wang, Chem. Eng. J., 173, 494 (2011).
W. F. Liu, J. Zhang, C. L. Zhang and L. Ren, Chem. Eng. J., 189-190, 295 (2012).
L. Z. Zhuang, Q. H. Li, J. S. Chen, B. B. Ma and S. X. Chen, Chem. Eng. J., 253, 24 (2014).
H. Guo, S. F. Zhang, Z. N. Kou, S. R. Zhai, W. Ma and Y. Yang, Carbohydr. Polym., 115, 177 (2015).
B. Qiu, Y. R. Wang, D. Z. Sun, Q. Wang, X. Zhang, B. L. Weeks, R. O’Connor, X. H. Huang, S. Y. Wei and Z. H. Guo, J. Mater. Chem. A, 3, 9817 (2015).
T. S. Anirudhan and P. Senan, Sep. Sci. Technol., 46, 1430 (2011).
Z. G. Liu and F. S. Zhang, Bioresour. Technol., 101, 2562 (2010).
I. Langmuir, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 40, 1361 (1918).
J. H. Wang, X. L. Yin, W. Tang and H. R. Ma, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 32, 1889 (2015).
K. R. Hall, L. C. Eagleton, A. Acrivos and T. Vermeulen, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 5, 212 (1966).
C. L. Wu, J. Fan, J. H. Jiang and J. J. Wang, RSC Adv., 5, 47165 (2015).
S. Nethaji, A. Sivasamy and A. B. Mandal, Bioresour. Technol., 134, 94 (2013).
A. Sari and M. Tuzen, J. Hazard. Mater., 160, 349 (2008).
M. M. Zhang, Y. G. Liu, T. T. Li, W. H. Xu, B. H. Zheng, X. F. Tan, H. Wang, Y. M. Guo, F. Y. Guo and S. F. Wang, RSC Adv., 5, 46955 (2015).
L. F. Zhang, W. Xia, X. Liu and W. Q. Zhang, J. Mater. Chem. A, 3, 331 (2015.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Electronic supplementary material
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fan, Y., Yang, R., Lei, Z. et al. Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by rice husk derived magnetic sorbents. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 33, 1416–1424 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-015-0248-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-015-0248-y