Abstract
To improve the physical and gas barrier properties of biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) film, two graphene nanosheets of highly functionalized graphene oxide (0.3 wt% to 0.7 wt%) and low-functionalized graphene oxide (0.5 wt%) were incorporated into PLA resin via solution blending method. Subsequently, we investigated the effects of material parameters such as loading level and degree of functionalization for the graphene nanosheets on the morphology and properties of the resultant nanocomposites. The highly functionalized graphene oxide (GO) caused more exfoliation and homogeneous dispersion in PLA matrix as well as more sustainable suspensions in THF, compared to low-functionalized graphene oxide (LFGO). When loaded with GO from 0.3 wt% to 0.7 wt%, the glass transition temperature, degree of crystallinity, tensile strength and modulus increased steadily. The GO gave rise to more pronounced effect in the thermal and mechanical reinforcement, relative to LFGO. In addition, the preparation of fairly transparent PLA-based nanocomposite film with noticeably improved barrier performance achieved only when incorporated with GO up to 0.7wt%. As a result, GO may be more compatible with hydrophilic PLA resin, compared to LFGO, resulting in more prominent enhancement of nanocomposites properties.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
K. Yang, X. Wang and Y. Wang, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 13, 485 (2007).
N. Lilichenko, R. D. Maksimov, J. Zicans, R. M. Meri and E. Plume, Mech. Compos. Mater., 44, 45 (2008).
W. Amass, A. Amass and B. Tighe, Polym. Int., 47, 89 (1998).
J. Y. Nam, S. S. Ray and M. Okamoto, Macromolecules, 36, 7126 (2003).
L. Lin, H. Liu and N. Yu, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 106, 260 (2007).
S. Singh and S. S. Ray, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 7, 2596 (2007).
J. Chang, Y. U. An and G. S. Sur, J. Polym. Sci.:Part B: Polymer Physics, 41, 94 (2002).
V. Krikorian and D. J. Pochan, Chem. Mater., 15, 4317 (2003).
G. Bang and S. W. Kim, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 18, 1063 (2012).
M. Iotti, P. Fabbri, M. Messori, F. Pilati and P. Fava, J. Polym. Environ., 17, 10 (2009).
H. Kim, A. A. Abdala and C. W. Mascosko, Macromolecules, 43, 6515 (2010).
Y. F. Zhao, M. Xiao, S. J. Wang, X. C. Ge and Y. Z. Meng, Compos. Sci. Technol., 67, 2528 (2007).
Y. Lee, D. Kim, J. Seo, H. Han and S. B. Khan, Polym. Int., 9, 1386 (2013).
H. Huang, P. Ren, J. Chen, W. Zhang, X. Ji and Z. Li, J. Membr. Sci., 409, 156 (2012).
J. Wang, C. Xu, H. Hu, L. Wan, R. Chen, H. Zheng, F. Liu, M. Zhang, X. Shang and X. Wang, J. Nanopart. Res., 13, 869 (2011).
I. Tseng, Y. liao, J. Chiang and M. Tsai, Mater. Chem. Phys., 136, 247 (2012).
H. Kim, Y. Miura and C. W. Mascosko, Chem. Mater., 22, 3441 (2010).
J. Yang, L. Bai, G. Feng, X. Yang, M. Lv, C. Zhang, H. Hu and X. Wang, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 52, 16745 (2013).
A. M. Pinto, J. Cabral, D. A. Pacheco Tanaka, A. M. Mendes and F. D. Magalhaes, Polym. Int., 62, 33 (2013).
H. Wang and Z. Qiu, Thermochim. Acta, 527, 40 (2012).
H. Wang and Z. Qiu, Thermochim. Acta, 526, 229 (2011).
J. Z. Xu, T. Chen, C. L. Yang, Z. M. Li, Y. M. Mao, B. Q. Zeng and B. S. Hsiao, Macromolecules, 43, 5000 (2010).
W. S. Hummers and R. E. Offman, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 80, 1339 (1958).
S.W. Kim and H. M. Choi, High Perform. Polym., In Press DOI:10.1177/ 0954008314557051.
X. Zhao, Q. Zhang and D. Chen, Macromolecules, 43, 2357 (2010).
S. Pei and H. M. Cheng, Carbon, 50, 3210 (2012).
D. Zhou, Q. Y. Cheng and B. H. Han, Carbon, 49, 3920 (2011).
W. S. Chow and S. K. Lok, J. Therm. Anal. Cal., 95, 627 (2009).
S. W. Kim, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 28, 298 (2011).
C. Chan and I. Chu, Polymer, 42, 6089 (2001).
B. Finnigan, D. Martin, P. Halley, R. Truss and K. Campbell, Polymer, 45, 2249 (2004).
X. Shi and Z. Gan, Eur. Polym. J., 43, 4852 (2007).
D. Wang, J. Yu, J. Zhang, J. He and J. Zhang, Compos. Sci. Technol., 85, 83 (2013).
J. Bian, H. L. Lin, F. X. He, L. Wang, X. W. Wei, I. Chang and E. Sancaktar, Eur. Polym. J., 49, 1406 (2013).
S. W. Kim and S. H. Cha, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 131, 40289 (2014).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kim, S.W., Choi, H.M. Morphology, thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties of graphene oxide/poly(lactic acid) nanocomposite films. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 33, 330–336 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-015-0142-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-015-0142-7