Abstract
This research was performed to evaluate the toxicity for composting and slurry phase bioreactor processes of TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene)-contaminated soils by Salmonella mutagenicity assay. For composting, the percentage reductions of final composts in strain TA98 and TA100 with S9 metabolic activation were 90.3–93.7% and 96.7–97.5%, respectively. For slurry phase bioreactor processes, the percentage reductions of final residuals in strain TA98 and TA100 with S9 metabolic activation were 95.0% and 99.1% for anaerobic, 96.2% and 99.2% for anaerobic/aerobic, and 96.6 and 97.4% for anaerobic treatment. Slurry phase treatment showed higher mutagenicity reduction than composting. It was implied that slurry phase treatment was a more effective process than composting in reducing toxicity. This research has the advantage of speed and ease of performance in comparison to testing of other higher life forms due to the shorter life cycles of microorganisms.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
C. E. Schaefer, M. E. Fuller, C.W. Condee, J. M. Lowey and P. B. Hatzinger, J. Contami. Hydrol., 89, 231 (2007).
A. Esteve-Nunez and J. L. Ramos, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 3802 (1998).
T. Urbanski, Chemistry and technology of explosives, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 4 (1983).
G. I. Sunahara, S. Dodard, M. Sarrazin, L. Paquet, J. Hawari, C.W. Greer, G. Ampleman, S. Thiboutot and A.Y. Renoux, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, 43, 138 (1999).
V. Costa, R. Boopathy and J. Manning, Bioresour. Technol., 56, 273 (1996).
B. R. Flokstra, B.V. Aken and J. L. Schnoor, Chemosphere, 71, 1970 (2008).
J. D. Rodgers and N. J. Bunce, Water Res., 35, 2101 (2001).
P. Gong, P. Gasparrini, D. Rho, J. Hawari, S. Thiboutot, G. Ampleman and G. I. Sunahara, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, 47, 96 (2000).
G. I. Sunahara, S. Dodard, M. Sarrazin, L. Paquer, G. Ampleman, S. Thiboutot, J. Hawari and A.Y. Renoux, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, 39, 185 (1998).
N. R. Adrian and C.M. Arnett, Chemosphere, 66, 1849 (2007).
B. Zhang, R. J. Kendall and T. A. Anderson, Chemosphere, 86 (2006).
W. H. Griest, A. J. Stewart, R. L. Tyndall, J. E. Caton, C.-H. Ho, K. S. Ironside, W.M. Caldwell and E. Tan, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, 15, 1105 (1993).
W. H. Griest, R. L. Tyndall, A. J. Stewart, J. E. Caton and A. Vass, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, 14, 51 (1995).
C. A. Gunderson, J.M. Kostuk, M. H. Gibbs and G. E. Napolitano, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, 16, 2529 (1997).
L. Berthe-Corti, H. Jacobi, S. Kleihauer and I. Witte, Chemosphere, 37, 209 (1998).
M. Alexander, Biodegradation and bioremediation, 2nd Ed., Academic Press (1999).
B. H. In, J. S. Park and W. Namkoong, Kor. J. Env. Hlth., 32, 578 (2006).
R. T. Haug, The practical handbook of composting engineering, Lewis Publishers, Ann Arbor, MI (1993).
B. H. In, W. Namkoong, E.Y. Hwang, J. D. Kim and J. S. Park, J. Ecotechnol. Res., 13, 303 (2008).
USEPA, Method 8330A: Nitroaromatics and nitroamines by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, SW846 Revision 1, Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC (1998).
D.M. Maron and B. N. Ames, Mut. Res., 113, 173 (1983).
C.W. Radtke, R. M. Lehman and F. F. Roberto, Bioreme. J., 4, 57 (2000).
H. D. Craig, W. E. Sisk, M.D. Nelson and W. H. Dana, Proceedings of the 10 th annual conference on hazardous waste research, Kansas State University (1995).
B. K. Robertson and P. K. Jjemba, Chemosphere, 58, 263 (2005).
B. N. Ames, J. MaCann and E. Yamasaki, Mut. Res., 31, 347 (1975).
W. D. Won, L. H. Disalvo and N.G. James, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 31, 576 (1976).
E. L. Tan, C. H. Ho, W.H. Griest and R. L. Tyndall, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 36, 165 (1992).
R. S. Padda, C.Y. Wang, J. B. Hughes and G. N. Bennett, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 19, 2871 (2000).
M. E. Honeycutt, A. S. Jarvis and V. A. McFarland, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, 35, 282 (1996).
W. H. Griest, A. J. Stewart, R. L. Tyndall, J.E. Caton, C.-H. Ho, K. S. Ironside, W.M. Caldwell and E. Tan, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, 15, 1105 (1993).
S. Rocheleau, R. Cimpoia, L. Paquet, I.V. Koppen, S. R. Guiot, J. Hawari, G. Ampleman, S. Thiboutot and G. I. Sunahara, Bioreme. J., 3, 233 (1999).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Park, JS., In, BH. & Namkoong, W. Toxicological evaluation for bioremediation processes of TNT-contaminated soil by Salmonella mutagenicity assay. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 29, 1074–1080 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-011-0286-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-011-0286-z