Abstract
As a modified configuration of the conventional anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (AAO) process, a novel anoxic/anaerobic/aerobic (Reversed AAO, RAAO) process has been extensively applied in domestic wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). In this study, the Activated Sludge Model No. 2d (ASM2d) and a secondary clarifier model were calibrated and applied to simulate a pilot-scale RAAO test and evaluate the operational performance of the RAAO process. For calibration of the biological model ASM2d, only four kinetic parameters were adjusted to accurately simulate in-process variations of ammonium, nitrate and phosphate. Simulation results by the calibrated model demonstrated that phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAO) in the RAAO process (0.243 gP·(gCOD)−1) contains less poly-phosphate than the AAO process (0.266 gP·(gCOD)−1). With the increasing mixed liquor recirculation ratio in the RAAO process, the fraction of heterotrophic biomass and autotrophic biomass both increased, whereas the PAO decreased owing to adverse effects of electron acceptors on phosphorus release and poly-hydroxy-alkanoates synthesis.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
G. Tchobanoglous, F. L. Burton and H. D. Stensel, Wastewater engineering: Treatment and reuse, Metcalf & Eddy Inc., New York (2003).
M. Henze, W. Gujer and T. Mino, Activated sludge models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2D and ASM3, IWA Scientific and Technical Report, No. 9, London (2000).
K.V. Gernaey, M. C. M. van Loosdrecht, M. Henze, M. Lind and S. B. Jørgensen, Environ. Model. Softw., 19, 763 (2004).
A. Nuhoglu, B. Keskinler and E. Yildiz, Process Biochem., 40, 2467 (2005).
B. J. Ni and H. Q. Yu, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 77, 723 (2007).
H. Siegrist, L. Rieger, G. Koch, M. Kühni and W. Gujer, Water Sci. Technol., 45, 61 (2002).
T. Y. Pai, Process Biochem., 42, 978 (2007).
J. Makinia, M. Swinarski and E. Dobiegala, Water Sci. Technol., 45, 209 (2002).
J. Makinia, K.H. Rosenwinkel and V. Spering, Water Res., 39, 1489 (2005).
H. M. van Veldhuizen, M. C. M. van Loosdrecht and J. J. Heijnen, Water Res., 33, 3459 (1999).
M.H. Cho, J. Lee, J. H. Kim and H. C. Lim, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 27, 925 (2010).
S. H. Lee, J. H. Ko, J.B. Park, J. H. Im, J. R. Kim, J. J. Lee and C.W. Kim, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 23, 203 (2006).
B. Zhang and T.Y. Gao, Chin. Water and Wastewater, 16, 11 (2000).
G. Fu, B. Dong, Z.Y. Zhou and T.Y. Gao, Chin. Water and Wastewater, 20, 53 (2004).
T. Kuba, A. Wachtmeister, M. C. M. van Loosdrecht and J. J. Heijnen, Water Sci. Technol., 30, 263 (1994).
T. Kuba, M. C. M. van Loosdrecht, F. A. Brandse and J. J. Heijnen, Water Res., 31, 777 (1997).
M. Beccari, D. Dionisi, A. Giuliani, M. Majone and R. Ramadori, Water Sci. Technol., 45, 157 (2002).
Z. Zhou, Z. Wu, Z. Wang, S. Tang and G. Gu, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 83, 1596 (2008).
Chinese NEPA, Water and wastewater monitoring methods, Chinese Environmental Science Publishing House, Beijing (1997).
P. J. Roeleveld and M. C. M. van Loosdrecht, Water Sci. Technol., 45, 77 (2002).
P. Ginestet, A. Maisonnier and M. Spérandio, Water Sci. Technol., 45, 89 (2002).
J. J.W. Hulsbeek, J. Kruit, P. J. Roeleveld and M. C. M. van Loosdrecht, Water Sci. Technol., 45, 127 (2002).
G. Sin, S.W. H. van Hulle, D. J. W. De Pauw, A. van Griensven and P. A. Vanrolleghem, Water Res., 39, 2459 (2005).
S. K. Park, M.W. Lee, D. S. Lee and J. M. Park, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 159, 401 (2006).
C. D. M. Filipe, G. T. Daigger and C. P. L. Grady Jr, Water Environ. Res., 73, 213 (2001).
T. Zhang, Y. Liu and H.H. Fang, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 92, 173 (2005).
I. Takács, G.G. Patry and D. Nolasco, Water Res., 25, 1263 (1991).
J. B. Copp, The COST simulation benchmark: Description and simulator manual, Office for Official Publication of the European Community, Luxembourg (2002).
Z. Zhou, Z. Wu, G. Gu and Z. Wang, Asia Pac. J. Chem. Eng., Article in press.
T. Kuba, M. C. M. van Loosdrecht and J. J. Heijnen, Water Res., 30, 1702 (1996).
G. Insel, G. Sin, D. S. Lee, I. Nopens and P. A. Vanrolleghem, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 81, 679 (2006).
D. Brdjanovic, M. C. M. van Loosdrecht, P. Versteeg, C. M. Hooijmans, G. J. Alaerts and J. J. Heijnen. Water Res., 34, 846 (2000).
T. Panswad, A. Doungchai and J. Anotai, Water Res., 37, 409 (2003).
L. Rieger, G. Koch, M. Kühni, W. Gujer and H. Siegrist, Water Res., 35, 3887 (2001).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhou, Z., Wu, Z., Wang, Z. et al. Simulation and performance evaluation of the anoxic/anaerobic/aerobic process for biological nutrient removal. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 28, 1233–1240 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-010-0502-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-010-0502-2