Abstract
Dehalogenation of toxic organic compounds has been intensively studied during the last decade by using zero-valent iron (ZVI). However, the reactivity of iron is compound specific and very low reactivities were reported for aromatic compounds including chlorophenols. In this study, hydrodechlorination of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) was conducted in a batch system by using ZVI and catalyzed iron. No degradation was observed with ZVI over the 40 days experiments. Catalyzed ZVIs removed 2,4,6-TCP and palladium-coated iron (Pd/Fe) and nickel-coated iron (Ni/Fe) showed relatively enhanced reactivity while copper-coated iron (Cu/Fe) and platinum-coated iron (Pt/Fe) showed lower reactivities. The surface area normalized kinetic constants (k SA ) of Pd/Fe, Ni/Fe, Cu/Fe, Pt/Fe are 2.54×10−4, 1.01 × 10−4, 2.24×10−5, 2.56×10−5 L m−2 h−1, respectively. The identification of less chlorinated phenols and phenol confirmed that the removal is dechlorination. Pd/Fe system exerts relatively low pH compared with the ZVI system, and the low pH is favorable for the dechlorination. The reactivity enhancement of catalyzed iron was discussed in terms of catalytic effects and the corrosion potential by the bimetal coupling. Variable Pd content on the Pd/Fe was tested, and the degradation rate of 2,4,6-TCP increased in proportion to the increase of Pd content.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
I. F. Cheng, Q. Fernando and N. Korte, Environ. Sci. Technol., 31, 1074 (1997).
Y.-H. Kim and E. R. Carraway, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 2014 (2000).
T. Li and J. Farrell, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 173 (2000).
L. J. Matheson and P.G. Tratnyek, Environ. Sci. Technol., 28, 2045 (1994).
R. Muftikian, Q. Fernando and N. Korte, Wat. Res., 29, 2434 (1995).
W. S. Orth and R.W. Gillham, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 66 (1996).
A. L. Roberts, L. A. Totten, W. A. Arnold, D. R. Burris and T. J. Campbell, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 2654 (1996).
D. P. Siantar, C.G. Schreier, C.-S. Chou and M. Reinhard, Wat. Res., 30, 2315 (1996).
D.-I. Song, Y.-H. Kim and W. S. Shin, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 22, 67 (2005).
D. R. Burris, T. J. Campbell and V. S. Manoranjan, Environ. Sci. Technol., 29, 2850 (1995).
S. Ramamoorthy and S. Ramamoorthy, Chlorinated organic compounds in the environment, Lewis Publishers, New York (1997).
C. N. Sawyer, P. L. McCarty and G. F. Parkin, Chemistry for environmental engineering, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York (1994).
Y. Liu, F. Yang, J. Chen, L. Gao and G. Chen, Chemosphere, 50, 1275 (2003).
Y. Liu, F. Yang, P. L. Yue and G. Chen, Wat. Res., 35, 1887 (2001).
A. Miyazaki, T. Amano, S. H. Hotaka and Y. Nakano, Chemosphere, 47, 65 (2002).
R. C. C. Wegman and H. H. Van den Broek, Wat. Res., 17, 227 (1983).
J. Paasivirta, J. Sarkka, T. Leskijarvi and A. Roos, Chemosphere, 9, 441 (1980).
WHO, Environmental health criteria 93, World Health Organization (1989).
L. H. Keith and W.A. Telliard, Environ. Sci. Technol., 13, 416 (1979).
US EPA, http://www.scorecard.org (2002).
US EPA, http://www.epa.gov/safewater (2004).
J. Dries, L. Bastiaens, D. Springael, S.N. Agathos and L. Diels, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 2879 (2004).
W. A. Arnold and A. L. Roberts, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 3017 (1998).
S. F. O’Hannesin and R.W. Gillham, Ground Wat., 36, 164 (1998).
G. D. Sayles, G. You and M. J. Kupferle, Environ. Sci. Technol., 31, 3448 (1997).
K. D. Warren, R.G. Arnold, T. L. Bishop, L. C. Lindholm and E. A. Betterton, J. Hazard. Mater., 41, 217 (1995).
J.-H. Choi, Reductive dechlorination of chlorinated phenols using zero-valent metal and bimetal systems: Kinetics and sequential permeable reactive barrier (Ph.D. Dissertation), Kyungpook National University, Korea (2004).
J.-H. Choi, Y.-H. Kim and S. J. Choi, Chemosphere, 67, 1551 (2007).
C.G. Schreier and M. Reinhard, Chemosphere, 29, 1743 (1994).
F.-W. Chuang, R. A. Larson and M. S. Wessman, Environ. Sci. Technol., 29, 2460 (1995).
S. Choe, S.-H. Lee, Y.-Y. Chang, K.-Y. Hwang and J. Khim, Chemosphere, 42, 367 (2001).
C. Grittini, M. Malcomson, Q. Fernando and N. Korte, Environ. Sci. Technol., 29, 2898 (1995).
C.-B. Wang and W.-X. Zhang, Environ. Sci. Technol., 31, 2154 (1997).
J. Morales, R. Hutcheson and I. F. Cheng, J. Hazard. Mater., 90, 97 (2002).
B. R. Helland, P. J. J. Alvarez and J. L. Schnoor, J. Hazard. Mater., 41, 205 (1995).
Y.-H. Kim, Reductive dechlorination of chlorinated aliphatic and aromatic compounds using zero valent metals: Modified metals and electron mediators (Ph. D. Dissertation), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (1999).
T. L. Johnson, W. Fish, Y.A. Gorby and P.G. Tratnyek, J. Contamin. Hydrol., 29, 377 (1998).
M. M. Scherer, B. A. Balko and P.G. Tratnyek, ACS Symposium Series, 715, 301 (1998).
R. M. Allen-King, R. M. Halket and D. R. Burris, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 16, 424 (1997).
D. R. Burris, R. M. Allen-King, V. S. Manoranjan, T. J. Campbell, G. A. Loraine and B. Deng, J. Environ. Eng., 124, 1012 (1998).
T. J. Campbell, D. R. Burris, A. L. Roberts and J. R. Wells, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 16, 625 (1997).
H.-M. Hung and M. R. Hoffmann, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 3011 (1998).
T. L. Johnson, M. M. Scherer and P.G. Tratnyek, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 2634 (1996).
M. M. Scherer, B. A. Balko, D. A. Gallagher and P.G. Tratnyek, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 3026 (1998).
C. Su and R.W. Puls, Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 163 (1999).
J. P. Fennelly and A. L. Roberts, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 1980 (1998).
C.G. Schreier and M. Reinhard, Chemosphere, 31, 3475 (1995).
H. M. Roy, C. M. Wai, T. Yuan, J.-K. Kim and W. D. Marshall, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 271, 137 (2004).
G. Yuan and M. A. Keane, Catal. Today, 88, 27 (2003).
G. Yuan and M. A. Keane, Catal. Commun., 4, 195 (2003).
L. L. Shreir, R. A. Jarman and G. T. Burstein, Corrosion (Vol. 1): metal/environment reactions, Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford (1994).
N. Hirai, M. Takashima, T. Tanaka and S. Har, Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater., 5, 181 (2004).
Z. Kiraly, A. Masalir, F. Nerger and I. Dekany, Langmuir, 13, 465 (1997).
Y.-H. Kim and E. R. Carraway, Environ. Technol., 24, 809 (2003).
J. A. Dean, Lange’s handbook of chemistry (13th edition), McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York (1985).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Choi, JH., Choi, S.J. & Kim, YH. Hydrodechlorination of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol for a permeable reactive barrier using zero-valent iron and catalyzed iron. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 25, 493–500 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-008-0083-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-008-0083-5