Abstract
In this paper, a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a dispersion-engineered and high nonlinear coefficient has been designed for supercontinuum generation (SCG) and frequency comb generation (FCG). The proposed PCF has a Si3N4 rod in the core. This rod provides more optical confinement in the core by increasing the refractive index of the core. This high confinement reduces the effective mode area of PCF and thus increases the nonlinear coefficient. The effective mod area and the nonlinear coefficient are obtained as 0.814 µm2 and 25 W−1m−1, respectively. By varying different parameters for dispersion engineering, a suitable dispersion profile for the structure has been obtained so that the proposed PCF has two zero dispersion wavelengths (ZDWs) at 900 nm and 1 590 nm. By injecting a pumping with power of 1 kW and duration of 50 fs at a wavelength of 1 555 nm to the designed PCF with a length of 4 mm, the output spectrum is broadened in the range from 800 nm to 3 500 nm. For FCG by the four-wave mixing (FWM) method, phase matching conditions must be provided, and for that, the pumped wavelength must be in the anomalous dispersion regime and near ZDW. As a result, two continuous wave lasers pumping at the wavelengths of 1 551 nm and 1 558 nm have been injected into the PCF and optical frequency combs (OFCs) with a pulse width of 1 nm and a free spectral range of 7 nm has been obtained.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
JUN Q, SHU H W, CHANG L, et al. On-chip high-efficiency wavelength multicasting of PAM3/PAM4 signals using low-loss AlGaAs-on-insulator nanowaveguides[J]. Optics letters, 2020, 45(16): 4539–4542.
WILLNER A E, FALLAHPOUR A, ALISHAHI F, et al. All-optical signal processing techniques for flexible networks[J]. Journal of lightwave technology, 2019, 37(1): 21–35.
DUDLEY J M, GENTY G, COEN S. Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber[J]. Reviews of modern physics, 2006, 78(4): 1135–1184.
BORGOHAIN N, SHARMA M, KONAR S. Broadband supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fibers using cosh-Gaussian pulses at 835 nm wavelength[J]. Optik, 2016, 127(4): 1630–1634.
DAI S X, WANG Y Y, PENG X F. Review of mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in chalcogenide glass fibers[J]. Applied science, 2018, 8(5): 707.
SAFIOUI J. Supercontinuum generation in hydrogenated amorphous silicon waveguides at telecommunication wavelengths[J]. Optic express, 2014, 22: 3089–3097.
LUO B H, WANG Y Y, DAI S X, et al. Midinfrared supercontinuum generation in As2Se3-As2S3 chalcogenide glass fiber with high NA[J]. Journal of light-wave technology, 2017, 35(12): 2464–2469.
SEIFOURI M, OLYAEE S, KARAMI R. A new design of As2Se3 chalcogenide nanostructured photonic crystal fiber for the purpose of supercontinuum generation[J]. Current nanoscience, 2017, 13(2): 202–207.
GHANBARI A, OLYAEE S. Highly nonlinear composite-photonic crystal fibers with simplified manufacturing process and efficient MID-IR applications[J]. Crystals, 2023, 13(2): 1–17.
GHANBARI A, OLYAEE S. A computational method for simple design of endlessly all-silica large mode area photonic crystal fiber for high power laser applications[J]. Journal of computational electronics, 2023, 22(2): 704–715.
CHESHMBERAH A, SEIFOURI M, OLYAEE S. Design of all-normal dispersion with Ge11.5As24Se64.5/Ge20Sb15Se65 chalcogenide PCF pumped at 1300 nm for supercontinuum generation[J]. Optical and quantum electronics, 2021, 53(8): 1–11.
CHESHMBERAH A, SEIFOURI M, OLYAEE S. Supercontinuum generation in PCF with As2S3/Ge20Sb15Se65 chalcogenide core pumped at second telecommunication wavelengths for WDM[J]. Optical and quantum electronics, 2020, 52(12): 1–14.
HU H, OXENLØWE L K. Chip-based optical frequency combs for high-capacity optical communications[J]. Nanophotonics, 2021, 10(5): 1367–1385.
BOUCON A, SYLVESTRE T, HUY K P, et al. Supercontinuum generation by nanosecond dual-pumping near the two zero-dispersion wavelengths of a photonic crystal fiber[J]. Optics communications, 2011, 284(1): 467–470.
MONFARED Y E, PONOMARENKO S A. Extremely nonlinear carbon-disulfide-filled photonic crystal fiber with controllable dispersion[J]. Optical materials, 2019, 88: 406–411.
YI D, WU C, LIU Y, et al. Dual-pumped flat optical frequency comb based on normal dispersion AlGaAs on insulator waveguide: numerical investigation[J]. Optics communications, 2022, 502: 127415.
CHILES J, NADER N, STANTON E J, et al. Multifunctional integrated photonics in the mid-infrared with suspended AlGaAs on silicon[J]. Optica, 2019, 6(9): 1246–1254.
ALIZADEH M R, SEIFOURI M. Investigation of highly broadb and supercontinuum generation in a suspended As2Se3 based ridge waveguide[J]. Journal of optoelectronical nanostructures, 2020, 5(4): 1–16.
XIAO L M, JIN W, DEMOKAN M S, et al. Photopolymer microtips for efficient light coupling between single-mode fibers and photonic crystal fibers[J]. Optics letters, 2006, 31: 1791–1793.
MBAYE D, AMINE B S, RIM C, et al. Super-flat coherent supercontinuum source in As38.8Se61.2 chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber with allnormal dispersion engineering at a very low input energy[J]. Applied optics, 2017, 56: 163–169.
HAMED S, VIEN V. Broadband mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in dispersion-engineered silicon-on-insulator waveguide[J]. Journal of the optical society of America B, 2019, 36: A193–A202.
CHRISTIAN A, CHRISTIAN P, SUNE D, et al. Supercontinuum generation in ZBLAN fibers-detailed comparison between measurement and simulation[J]. Journal of the optical society of America B, 2012, 29: 635–645.
HAMED S, MAJID E H, MOHAMMAD K M F. Midinfrared supercontinuum generation via As2Se3 chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers[J]. Applied optics, 2015, 54: 2072–2079.
GUO Y C, YUAN J H, WANG K R, et al. Generation of supercontinuum and frequency comb in a nitrobenzene-core photonic crystal fiber with all-normal dispersion profile[J]. Optics communications, 2021, 481(4): 126555.
TARNOWSKI K, TADEUSZ M, PAWEL M, et al. Compact all-fiber source of coherent linearly polarized octaves panning supercontinuum based on normal dispersion silica fiber[J]. Scientific reports, 2019, 9: 12313.
IRNIS K, CHRISTIAN S A, PETER M M, et al. Midinfrared supercontinuum generation to 4.5 µm in uniform and tapered ZBLAN step-index fibers by direct pumping at 1064 or 1550 nm[J]. Journal of the optical society of America B, 2013, 30: 2743–2757.
SAGHAEI H, MORAVVEJ-FARSHI M K, EBNALIHEIDARI M, et al. Ultra-wide mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in As40Se60 chalcogenide fibers: solid core PCF versus SIF[J]. IEEE journal of selected topics in quantum electronics, 2016, 22(2): 279–286.
NAUTA J, OELMANN J H, BORODIN A, et al. XUV frequency comb production with an astigmatism-compensated enhancement cavity[J]. Optics express, 2021, 29(2): 2624–2636.
XIE Y Z, LI J Q, ZHANG Y F, et al. Soliton frequency comb generation in CMOS-compatible silicon nitride microresonators[J]. Photonics research, 2022, 10: 1290–1296.
HE X T, LIANG E T, YUAN J J, et al. A silicon-on-insulator slab for topological valley transport[J]. Nature communications, 2019, 10: 872.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Additional information
This work has been supported by Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University (No.4976).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Alizadeh, M.R., Seifouri, M. & Olyaee, S. Numerical investigation of supercontinuum generation and optical frequency combs in SiN-based PCF with high nonlinear coefficient. Optoelectron. Lett. 20, 163–170 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11801-024-3092-7
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11801-024-3092-7