Abstract
An electrohydrodynamic (EHD) patterning method was utilized to obtain high-resolution line patterns in a low electric field regime without an additional mechanical drawing process. Molecular weight and weight percent of a polymer were selected as key parameters to reduce the voltage. EHD patterning was performed using polyethylene oxide (PEO) solutions. The threshold voltages (V th) to initiate jet ejection are almost the same for all solutions. A method verified in this study, reducing the driving voltage (V d) just after the initiation of the jet at the threshold voltage, can make a very thin, continuous jet, while increasing molecular weight and weight percent were enabled to further reduce the input voltage. As the voltage reduction ratio (V d/V th) is decreased, the jet behaves like a solid rather than a liquid due to its fast solidification. The line width of the resultant line pattern could be tuned from 50 nm to 10 μm depending on the substrate moving speed. Contour maps were also developed that show the pattern mode variation as a function of the voltage reduction ratio and key parameters. The results show that well-defined PEO line and grid patterns can be fabricated via the proposed EHD direct patterning under appropriate conditions.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
A. Laforgue and L. Robitaille, Macromolecules 43, 4194 (2010).
Y.Z. Long, M.M. Li, C.Z. Gu, M.X. Wan, J.L. Duvail, Z.W. Liu, and Z.Y. Fan, Prog. Polym. Sci. 36, 1415 (2011).
A. Laforgue and L. Robitaille, Synth. Met. 158, 577 (2008).
S.Y. Min, T.S. Kim, B.J. Kim, H. Cho, Y.Y. Noh, H. Yang, J.H. Cho, and T.W. Lee, Nat. Commun. 4, 1773 (2013).
Y. Yuan, G. Giri, A.L. Ayzner, A.P. Zoombelt, S.C. Mannsfeld, J. Chen, D. Nordlund, M.F. Toney, J. Huang, and Z. Bao, Nat. Commun. 5, 3005 (2014).
C.E. Chang, V.H. Tran, J.B. Wang, Y.K. Fuh, and L.W. Lin, Nano Lett. 10, 726 (2010).
F.R. Fan, L. Lin, G. Zhu, W.Z. Wu, R. Zhang, and Z.L. Wang, Nano Lett. 12, 3109 (2012).
S.S. Yao and Y. Zhu, Nanoscale 6, 2345 (2014).
S. Nambiar and J.T.W. Yeow, Biosens. Bioelectron. 26, 1825 (2011).
X.X. Yang, B.W. Zhang, Z.Y. Liu, B. Deng, M. Yu, L.F. Li, H.Q. Jiang, and J.Y. Li, J. Mater. Chem. 21, 11908 (2011).
M.S. Mannoor, Z.W. Jiang, T. James, Y.L. Kong, K.A. Malatesta, W.O. Soboyejo, N. Verma, D.H. Gracias, and M.C. McAlpine, Nano Lett. 13, 2634 (2013).
D. Grafahrend, K.H. Heffels, M.V. Beer, P. Gasteier, M. Moller, G. Boehm, P.D. Dalton, and J. Groll, Nat. Mater. 10, 67 (2011).
B.J. Kang, C.K. Lee, and J.H. Oh, Microelectron. Eng. 97, 251 (2012).
D.J. Lee and J.H. Oh, Thin Solid Films 518, 6352 (2010).
C. Hellmann, J. Belardi, R. Dersch, A. Greiner, J.H. Wendorff, and S. Bahnmueller, Polymer 50, 1197 (2009).
C. Chang, K. Limkrailassiri, and L.W. Lin, Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 123111 (2008).
N.B. Bu, Y.A. Huang, X.M. Wang, and Z.P. Yin, Mater. Manuf. Process. 27, 1318 (2012).
H.K. Choi, J.U. Park, O.O. Park, P.M. Ferreira, J.G. Georgiadis, and J.A. Rogers, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 123109 (2008).
J.U. Park, M. Hardy, S.J. Kang, K. Barton, K. Adair, D.K. Mukhopadhyay, C.Y. Lee, M.S. Strano, A.G. Alleyne, J.G. Georgiadis, P.M. Ferreira, and J.A. Rogers, Nat. Mater. 6, 782 (2007).
D.H. Reneker, A.L. Yarin, H. Fong, and S. Koombhongse, J. Appl. Phys. 87, 4531 (2000).
R.T. Collins, J.J. Jones, M.T. Harris, and O.A. Basaran, Nat. Phys. 4, 149 (2008).
M.M. Hohman, M. Shin, G. Rutledge, and M.P. Brenner, Phys. Fluids 13, 2201 (2001).
D.H. Reneker and A.L. Yarin, Polymer 49, 2387 (2008).
B.H. Cao and M.W. Kim, Faraday Discuss. 98, 245 (1994).
T. Han, D.H. Reneker, and A.L. Yarin, Polymer 48, 6064 (2007).
A.L. Yarin, S. Koombhongse, and D.H. Reneker, J. Appl. Phys. 89, 3018 (2001).
Acknowledgement
This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2013R1A1A2011800).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jang, S., Kim, Y. & Oh, J.H. Influence of Processing Conditions and Material Properties on Electrohydrodynamic Direct Patterning of a Polymer Solution. J. Electron. Mater. 45, 2291–2298 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-015-4252-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-015-4252-0