Abstract
Based on the concept of functionally graded concrete, UHTCC (ultrahigh toughness cementitious composites) material with excellent crack-controlling ability is strategically substituted for part of the concrete, which surrounds the main longitudinal reinforcement in a reinforced concrete member. Investigations on bending behavior of such a functionally graded composite beam crack-controlled by UHTCC (abbreviated as UHTCC-FGC beam) have been carried out. After establishing a theoretical calculation model, the paper discusses the results of four-point bending experiment on long composite beams without web reinforcement, and validates the theoretical formulae through experimental results of UHTCC-FGC beams with different thicknesses of UHTCC layer. Besides improving bearing capacity and saving steel reinforcements, the results indicate that UHTCC-FGC beams can also effectively control the deformation and enhance the ductility of members. At last, the optimal thickness of UHTCC layer in UHTCC-FGC beams has been confirmed, which can not only save materials and improve mechanical performance of members, but also be very effective in preventing corrosion-induced damage and enhancing the durability of members by controlling crack width below 0.05 mm under service conditions.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Li V C, Leung C K Y. Theory of steady state and multiple cracking of random discontinuous fiber reinforced brittle matrix composites. ASCE J Eng Mech, 1992, 118(11): 2246–2264
Li V C. From micromechanics to structural engineering—The design of cementitious composites for civil engineering applications. JSCE J Struct Mech Earthq Eng, 1993, 10(2): 37–48
Marshall D B, Cox B N. A J-integral method for calculating steady-state matrix cracking stresses in composites. Mech Mater, 1988(7): 127–133
Li V C. Engineered cementitious composites-tailored composites through micromechanical modeling. In: Banthia N, Bentur A, Mufti A, eds. Fiber Reinforced Concrete: Present and the Future. Montreal: Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, 1998. 64–97
Xu S L. Research on Ultrahigh Toughness Green ECC and its Application (in Chinese). Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2007
Li V C. On engineered cementitious composites (ECC)—a review of the material and its applications. J Adv Concr Technol, 2003, 1(3): 215–230
Li V C, Wang S, Wu C. Tensile strain-hardening behavior of PVA-ECC. ACI Mater J, 2001, 98(6): 483–492
Lepech M, Li V C. Durability and long term performance of engineered cementitious composites. In: Proceedings of Int’l Workshop on HPFRCC in Structural Applications. Honolulu: HPFRCC, 2005
Kuraray Co. Ltd. About PVA fibers: applications: structural. http://kuraray-am.com/pvaf/structural_case.php
Kojima S, Sakata N, Kanda T, et al. Application of direct sprayed ECC for retrofitting dam structure surface application for Mitaka-Dam. JCI Concr J, 2004, 42(5): 135–139
Japan Society of Civil Engineers. Recommendations for Design and Construction of High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composite with Multiple Fine Cracks (in Japanese). HPFRCC, 2007
Rokogo K, Kanda T. Recent HPFRCC R&D Progress in Japan. In: Proceedings of Int’l Workshop on HPFRCC in Structural Applications. Honolulu: HPFRCC, 2005
Inaguma H, Seki M, Suda K, et al. Experimental study on crack-ridging ability of ECC for repair under train loading. In: Proceedings of Int’1 Workshop on HPFRCC in Structural Applications. Honolulu: HPFRCC, 2005
Mitamura H, Sakata N, Suda K, et al. Application of overlay reinforcement method on steel deck utilizing engineered cementitious composites-Mihara Bridge. Bridge Found Eng, 2005, 39(8): 88–91
Maruta M, Kanda T, Nagai S, et al. New high-rise RC structure using pre-cast ECC coupling beam (in Japanese). Concrete J, 2005, 43(11): 18–26
Xu S L, Li Q H, Li H D. An experimental study on the flexural properties of carbon textile reinforced ECC (in Chinese). China Civ Eng J, 2007, 40(12): 69–76
Wu Z R, Li Y, Su H Z. Risk assessment method of major unsafe hydroelectric project. Sci China Ser E-Tech Sci, 2008, 51(9): 1345–1352
Yang F W, Zhang B J, Pan C C, et al. Sticky rice lime-mortar—one of the great inventions in ancient China. Sci China Ser E-Tech Sci, 2009, 52(6): 1641–1647
Maalej M, Li V C. Introduction of strain hardening engineered cementitious composites in design of reinforced concrete flexural members for improved durability. ACI Struct J, 1995, 92(2): 167–176
Maalej M, Ahmed S F U, Paramasivam P. Corrosion durability and structural response of functionally-graded concrete beams. In: JCI International Workshop on Ductile Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites (DFRCC)—Application and Evaluation. Takayama: DFRCC, 2002
Xu S L, Li Q H. Theoretical analysis on bending behavior of functionally graded composite beam crack-controlled by ultrahigh toughness cementitious composites. Sci China Ser E-Tech Sci, 2009, 52(2): 363–378
CCES01-2004 (revised edition). Design and Construction Direction to Concrete Structure Durability (in Chinese). Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2005
Cheng W R, Kang G Y, Yan D H. Principle on Concrete Structure Design (in Chinese). Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2002
Gergely P, Lutz L A. Maximum crack width in reinforced concrete flexural members. In: ACI-SP-20: Causes, Mechanism, and Control of Cracking in Concrete. Detroit: American Concrete Institute, 1968. 87–117
GB 50010-2002. Code for Design of Concrete Structures (in Chinese). Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2002
Weimann M B, Li V C. Drying Shrinkage and Crack Width of ECC. Poland: BMC, 2003. 37–46
Lepech M, Li V C. Water permeability of cracked cementitious composites. In: Proceedings of Eleventh International Conference on Fracture. Turin: ICF, 2005
Takewaka K, Yamaguchi T, Maeda S. Simulation model for deterioration of concrete structures due to chloride attack. J Adv Concrete Tech, 2003, 1(2): 139–146
Wang K, Janse D C, Shah S P. Permeability study of cracked concrete, Cem Concrete Res, 1997, 27(3): 381–391
Maalej M, Li V C. Flexural strength of fiber cementitious composites. ASCE J Mater Civ Eng, 1994, 6(3): 390–406
Li V C, Horikoshi T, Ogawa A, et al. Micromechanics-based durability study of polyvinyl alcohol-engineered cementitious composite (PVA-ECC). ACI Mater J, 2004, 101(3): 242–248
Wang T M. Control of Cracking in Engineering Structure (in Chinese). Beijing: China Architecture and Building Press, 1997
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50438010) and the Research and Application Programs of Key Technologies for Major Constructions in the South-North Water Transfer Project Construction in China (Grant No. JGZXJJ2006-13)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, Q., Xu, S. Experimental investigation and analysis on flexural performance of functionally graded composite beam crack-controlled by ultrahigh toughness cementitious composites. Sci. China Ser. E-Technol. Sci. 52, 1648–1664 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-009-0161-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-009-0161-x