Abstract
Widespread Mesozoic magmatism occurs in the Korean Peninsula (KP). The status quo is poles apart between the northern and southern parts in characterizing its distribution and nature, with the nearly absence of any related information in North Korea. We have the opportunity to have conducted geological investigations in North Korea and South Korea during the past ten years through international cooperation programs. This led to the revelation of a number of granitoids and related volcanic rocks and thus facilitates the comparison with those in East China and Japan. Mesozoic granitoids in the KP can be divisible into three age groups: the Triassic group with a peak age of ~220 Ma, the Jurassic one of ~190–170 Ma and the late Early Cretaceous one of ~110 Ma. The Triassic intrusions include syenite, calc-alkaline to alkaline granite and minor kimberlite in the Pyeongnam Basin of North Korea. They have been considered to form in post-orogenic settings related to the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) or the Dabie-Sulu Orogenic Belt (DSOB). The Jurassic granitoids constitute extensive occurrence in the KP and are termed as the Daebo-period magmatism. They correlate well with coeval counterparts in NE China encompassing the northeastern part of the North China Craton (NCC) and the eastern segment of the CAOB. They commonly consist of biotite or two-mica granites and granodiorites, with some containing small dark diorite enclaves. On one hand, Early Jurassic to early Middle Jurassic magmatic rocks are rare in most areas of the NCC, whilst Middle-Late Jurassic ones are not developed in the KP. On the other hand, both NCC and KP host abundant Cretaceous granites. However, the present data revealed contrasting age peaks, with ~130–125 Ma in the NCC and ~110–105 Ma in the KP. Cretaceous granites in the KP comprise the dominant biotite granites and a few amphibole granites. The former exhibit mildly fractionated REE patterns and zircon ε Hf(t) values from -15 to -25, whereas the latter feature strongly fractionated REE patterns and zircon ε Hf(t) values from -10 to -1. Both granites contain inherited zircons of ~1.8–1.9 or ~2.5 Ga. These geochemical characters testify to their derivation from re-melting distinct protoliths in ancient basement. Another Cretaceous magmatic sub-event has been entitled as the Gyeongsang volcanism, which is composed of bimodal calc-alkaline volcanic rocks of 94–55 Ma and granitic-hypabyssal granitic bodies of 72–70 Ma. Synthesizing the Mesozoic magmatic rocks across the KP, NCC and Japan can lead to the following highlights: (1) All Triassic granites in the NCC, KP and Japan have similar characteristics in petrology, chronology and geochemistry. Therefore, the NCC, KP and Japan tend to share the same tectonic setting during the Triassic, seemingly within the context of Indosinian orogensis. (2) Jurassic to earliest Cretaceous magmatic rocks in the NCC seem to define two episodes: episode A from 175 to 157 Ma and episode B from 157 to 135 Ma. Jurassic magmatic rocks in the KP span in age mainly from 190 to 170 Ma, whereas 160–135 Ma ones are rare. With the exception of ~197 Ma Funatsu granite, Jurassic magmatic rocks are absent in Japan. (3) Cretaceous granites in the KP have a peak age of ~110, ~20 Ma younger than those in the NCC, while Japan is exempt from ~130–100 Ma granites. (4) The spatial-temporal distribution and migratory characteristics of the Jurassic-Cretaceous magmatic rocks in Japan, KP, and NE China-North China indicate that the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate might not be operative before Late Cretaceous (~130–120 Ma). (5) Late Cretaceous magmatic rocks (~90–60 Ma) occur in the southwestern corner of the KP and also in Japan, coinciding with the metamorphic age of ~90–70 Ma in the Sanbagawa metamorphic belt of Japan. The magmatic-metamorphic rock associations and their spatial distribution demonstrate the affinities of sequentially subduction zone, island arc and back-arc basin from Japan to Korea, arguing for the Pacific plate subduction during Late Cretaceous. (6) This study raises another possibility that the Mesozoic cratonic destruction in the NCC, which mainly occurred during ~150–120 Ma, might not only be due to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate, but also owe much to the intraplate geodynamic forces triggered by other adjacent continental plates like the Eurasian and Indian plates.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Arakawa Y, Saito Y, Amakawa H. 2000. Crustal development of the Hida belt, Japan: Evidence from Nd-Sr isotopic and chemical characteristics of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Tectonophysics, 328: 183–204
Chang K. 1975. Cretaceous stratigraphy of southeast Korea. J Geol Soc Korea, 11: 1–23
Chang K. 1977. Late Mesozoic stratigraphy, sedimentation and tectonics of Southeastern Korea (in Korean with English abstract). J Geol Soc Korea, 13: 76–90
Chang K. 1988. Cretaceous stratigraphy and paleocurrent analysis of Kyongsang Basin, Korea (in Korean with English abstract). J Geol Soc Korea, 24: 194–205
Chang K, Park S. 2005. Sino-Korea Peninsula and Yellow Sea Transform Fault (YSTF). In: Gondwana to Asia Symposium 2005. Beijing: Institute of Geology and Geophysics, CAS. 5–6
Chang K, Zhao X. 2012. North and South China suturing in the east end: What happened in Korean Peninsula? Gondwana Res, 22: 493–506
Chen C H, Lin W, Lan C. 2004. Geochemical, Sr and Nd isotopic characteristics and tectonic implication for three stages of igneous rock in the Late Yanshanian (Cretaceous) orogeny, SE China. Transaction Royal Soc Edinburgh Earth Sci, 95: 237–248
Chen G. 1960. Platform Reworking and Significance for Metallogeny (in Chinese). Beijing: Geological Publishing House
Chen G. 1985. Methods of Metallotectonic Research (in Chinese). Beijing: Geological Publishing House
Chen Y, Chen W, Zhou X, Li Z, Liang H, Li Q, Xu K, Fan Q, Zhang G, Wang F, Wang Y, Zhou S, Chen S, Hu B, Wang Q. 1997. Mesozoic Volcanic Rocks in Liaoxi and Adjacent Areas: Geochronology, Geochemistry and Tectonic Settings (in Chinese). Beijing: Seismological Press. 279
Cho M. 2001. A continuation of Chinese ultra-high pressure belt in Korea: Evidence from ion microprobe U-Pb zircon ages. Gondwana Res, 4: 708
Cho D, Lee S, Armstrong R. 2008. Termination of the Permo-Triassic Songrim (Indosinian) orogeny in the Ogcheon belt, South Korea: Occurrence of ca.220 Ma post-orogenic alkali granites and their tectonic implications. Lithos, 105: 191–200
Cho M. 2001. A continuation of Chinese ultra-high pressure belt in Korea: Evidence from ion microprobe U-Pb zircon ages. Gondwana Res, 4: 708
Choe W. 2005. The evolutional features of tectonic-metamorphism of the Archean Rangnim complex in the border of the Korea-China craton northern part of the Korea Peninsula. In: Gondwana to Asia Symposium of 2005. Beijing: Institute of Geology and Geophysics, CAS. 8
Choi H I. 1985. Sedimentology and its implications for stratigraphic classification of the Cretaceous Gyeongsang Basin. J Geol Soc Korea, 21: 26–37
Choi S, Ryu I, Park S, Wee S, Kim C, Park M. 2005. Cretaceous epithermal gold-silver mineralization and geodynamic environment, Korea. Ore Geol Rev, 26: 115–135
Chough S, Hwang I, Choe M. 1990. The Miocene Doumsan fan-delta, southeast Korea: A composite fan-delta system in back-arc margin. J Sediment Petrol, 60: 445–455
Chough S, Kwon S, Ree J, Choi D. 2000. Tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the Korean Peninsula: A review and new view. Earth-Sci Rev, 52: 175–235
Cluzel D. 1992. Ordovician bimodal magmatism in the Ogcheon Belt (South Korea): Intracontinental refit-related volcanic activity. J Southeast Asian Earth Sci, 7: 195–209
Dai L, Zheng Y, Zhao Z. 2016. Termination time of peak decratonization in North China: Geochemical evidence from mafic igneous rocks. Lithos, 240–243: 327–336
Davis G. 2003. The Yanshan Belt of North China: Tectonics, adakitic magmatism, and crustal evolution (in English with Chinese abstract). Earth Sci Front, 10: 373–384
Davis G, Zheng Y, Wang C, Darby B, Zhang C, Gehrels G. 2001. Mesozoic and Liaoning Provinces, Northern China. In: Hendrix M S, Davis G A, eds. Paleozoic and Mesozoic Tectonic Evolution of Central Asia: From Continental Assembly to Intracontinental Deformation. Geol Soc America Memoir, 194: 171–197
Deng J, Zhao G, Zhao H, Luo Z, Dai S, Li K. 2000. Yanshannian igneous petrotectonic assemblage and orogenic—Deep processes in East China (in Chinese with English abstract). Geol Rev, 46: 41–48
Ding L, Lai Q. 2003. New geological evidence of crustal thickening in the Gangdese block prior to the Indo-Asian collision. Chin Sci Bull, 48: 1604–1610
Ding L X, Ma C, Li J, Wang L, Chen L, Shen Z. 2010. LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb ages of the Lantian and Muhuguan granitoid plutons, southern margin of the North China craton: Implications for tectonic setting (in Chinese with English abstract). Geochimica, 39: 401–413
Dong S W, Zhang Y, Chen X, Long C, Wang T, Yang Z, Hu J. 2008. The formation and deformation characteristics of East Asia: Multi-direction convergent tectonic system in Late Jurassic (in Chinese with English Abstract). Acta Geosci Sin, 29: 306–317
Dong Y P, Zhang G, Neubauer F, Liu X, Genser J, Hauzenberger C. 2011. Tectonic evolution of the Qinling orogen, China: Review and synthesis. J Asia Earth Sci, 41: 213–237
Fan Q, Hooper P. 1991. The Cenozoic basaltic rocks of Eastern China: Petrology and chemical composition. J Petrol, 32: 765–810
Fan W, Menzies M. 1992. Destruction of aged lower lithosphere and asthenosphere mantle beneath eastern China (in Chinese). Geotecton Metall, 16: 171–179
Fitches W, Zhu G. 2006. Is the Ogcheon belt of Korea the eastward continuation of the Nanhua Basin of China? Gondwana Res, 9: 68–84
Guo F, Fan W, Li C. 2012. Multi-stage crust-mantle interaction in SE China: Temporal, thermal and compositional constraints from the Mesozoic felsic volcanic rocks in eastern Guangdong-Fujian provinces. Lithos, 150: 62–84
Guo F, Fan W, Li X, Li C. 2007. Geochemistry of Mesozoic mafic volcanic rocks from the Yanshan belt in the northern margin of North China Block: Relations with post-collisional lithospheric extension. In: Zhai M, Windley B, Kusky T, Meng Q, eds. Mesozoic Sub-continental Lithospheric Thinning Under Eastern Asia. Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ, (280): 101–130
Guo J, Zhai M, Oh C, Kim S. 2004. Dioscovery of eclogite from Bibong, Hongseong area, Gyeonggi Massif, South Korea: HP metamorphism, zircon SHRIMP U-Pb ages and tectonic implication. In: Gondwana to Asia of 2004. Chonjiu: Chonbook University. 11–12
Guo J H, Chen F, Zhang X, Siebel W, Zhai M. 2005. Evolution of syno-to post-collisional magmatism from north Sulu UHP belt, eastern China: Zircon U-Pb geochronology (in Chinese with English abstract). Acta Petrol Sin, 21: 1281–1301
Han B F, Kagami H, Li H. 2004. Age and Nd-Sr isotopic geochemistry of the Guantoushan alkaline granite, Hebei Province, China: Implications for early Mesozoic crust-mantle interaction in North China Block. Acta Geol Sin-Engl Ed, 20: 1375–1388
Han R H, Ree J, Cho D, Kwon S, Armstrong R. 2006. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages of pyroclastic rocks in the Bansong Group, Taebaeksan Basin, South Korea and their implication for the Mesozoic tectonics. Gondwana Res, 9: 106–117
Hao T, Suh M, Liu J, Xu Y, Zhang L, Xu Y, Liu G. 2007. Geophysical study on the location of boundary belt between Sino-Korea and Yangtzi blocks in Tellow Sea and adjacent area. In: Zhai M, Windley B, Kusky T, Meng Q, eds. Mesozoic Lithosphere Evoluition in Eastern North China. London: The Geological Society. 281–292
Hao T, Suh M, Wang Q, Choi S, Jiang W, Song H, Yan X, Liu J, Yao C. 2002. A study on extension of fault zones in Yellow Sea and its adjacent areas based on gravity data (in Chinese with English abstract). Chin J Geophys, 45: 397–405
He C, Santsh M, Dong S. 2015. Continental dynamics of Eastern China: Insights from tectonic history and receiver function analysis. Earth-Sci Rev, 145: 9–24
Horan M, Walker R, Morgan J, Grossman J, Rubin A. 2003. Highly siderophile elements in chondrites. Chem Geol, 196: 27–42
Hu F F, Fan H, Yang J, Wan Y, Liu D, Zhai M, Jin C. 2004. Mineralizing age of the Rushan lode gold deposit in the Jiaodong Peninsula: SHRIMP U-Pb dating on hydrothermal zircon. Chin Sci Bull, 49: 1629–1636
Hwang S. 1997. The Wondong magmatic system: Its petrochemical evolution (in Korea with English abstract). J Petrol Soc Korea, 6: 166–184
Ishihara S. 2007. Origin of the Cenozoic-Mesozoic magnetite-series and ilmenite-series granitoids in East Asia. Gondwana Res, 11: 247–260
Isozaki Y. 1997. Contrasting two types of orogen in Permo-Triassic Japan: Accretionary versus collisional. Isl Arc, 6: 2–24
Ito K. 1988. Differential rotation of the eastern part of southwest Japan inferred from paleomagnetism of Cretaceous and Neogene rocks. J Geophys Res, 93: 3401–3411
Ito K. 1999. Seismogenic layer, reflective lower crust, surface heat flow and large inland earthquakes. Tectonophysics, 306: 423–433
Jahn B. 2004. The Central Asian Orogenic Belt and growth of the continental crust in the Phanerozoic. In: Malpas J, Fletcher C J N, Ali J R, Aitchison J C, eds. Aspects of the Tectonic Evolution of China. London: The Geological Society. 73–100
Jahn B, Wu F, Chen B. 2000. Massive granitoid generation in central Asia: Nd isotopic evidence and implication for continental growth in the Phanerozoic. Episodes, 23: 82–92
Jiang N, Liu Y, Zhou W, Yang J, Zhang S. 2007. Derivation of Mesozoic adakitic magmas from ancient lower crust in the North China craton. Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 71: 2591–2608
Jiang N, Zhang S, Zhou W, Liu Y. 2009. Origin of a Mesozoic granite with A-type characteristics from the North China craton: Highly fractionated from I-type magmas? Contrib Mineral Petrol, 158: 113–130
Jolivet L, Tamaki K, Fournier M. 1994. Japan Sea, opening history and mechanism: A synthesis. J Geophys Res, 99: 22237–22259
Kawasaki S. 1925. Some older Mesozoic plants in Korea. Bull Geol Surv Chosen-Korea, 4: 1–71
Kim C B, Andew T, Chang H, Park Y, Ahn K. 1999. U-Pb zircon ages for Precambrian and Mesozoic plutonic rocks in the Seoul-Chooncheon area, Gyeonggi massif, Korea. J Korean Geochem, 33: 379–397
Kim B K. 1976. Geological and paleontological studies of Chungnam Coalfield. J Geol Soc Korea, 12: 124–143
Kim J, Cho M. 2002. The geochemical characteristic of Neoproterozoic TTG in the Hongseong area and its tectonic setting (in Korean). Abstract of Annual Meeting of the Geol Soc Korea. 9
Kim J, Cho M. 2003. Low-pressure metamorphism and leucogranite magmatism, northeastern Yeognam Massif, Korea: Implication for Paleoproterozoic crustal evolution. Precambrian Res, 122: 235–251
Kim J, Yi K, Jeong Y, Cheong C. 2011. Geochronological and geochemical constraints on the petrogenesis of Mesozoic high-K granitoids in the central Korean peninsula. Gondwana Res, 20: 608–620
Kim J H. 1996. Mesozoic tectonic in Korea. J Southeast Asian Earth Sci, 13: 251–265
Kim S W, Oh C, Choi S, Itaya T. 2005. Ridge subduction-related Jurassic plutonism in and around the Okcheon metamorphic belt, South Korea, and implications for northeast Asian tectonics. Int Geol Rev, 47: 248–269
Kim S W, Oh C, Willianms I, Ryu I, Guo J, Zhai M. 2006. HP metamorphic events from the southwestern Gyeonggi Massif, South Korea, and tectonic implications. Lithos, 92: 357–377
Kim S W, Kwon S, Ryu I. 2009. Geochronological constraints on multiple deformations of the Honam Shear Zone, South Korea and its tectonic implication. Gondwana Res, 15: 82–89
Kim S W, Williams I, Kwon S, Oh C. 2008. SHRIMP zircon geochronology, and geochemical characteristics of metaplutonic rocks from the south-western Gyeonggi Block, Korea: Implications for Paleoproterozoic to Mesozoic tectonic links between the Korean Peninsula and eastern China. Precambrian Res, 162: 475–497
Kimura J, Kunikiyo T, Osaka I. 2003. Late Cenozoic volcanic activity in the Chugoku area, southwest Japan arc during back-arc basin opening and reinitiation of subduction. Isl Arc, 12: 22–45
Kinoshita O. 1995. Migration of igneous activities related to ridge subduction in Southwest Japan and the East Asian continental margin from the Mesozoic to the Paleogene. Tectonophysics, 245: 25–35
Kojima S, Kametaka M. 2000. Jurassic accretionary complexes in East Asia (in Japanese). Memoirs Geol Soc Japan, 55: 61–72
Kondo H. 1993. Igneous rocks of the Kumaneshiri Group in the Kabato Mountains, Hokkaido, Japan-Characterization of the alkali rich igneous rocks in the Cretaceous volcanic zone of Northeast Japan (in Japanese with English abstract). J Geol Soc Japan, 99: 347–364
Kusky T, Windley B, Zhai M. 2007. Tectonic evolution of the North China Block: From orogeny to craton to orogeny. In: Zhai M G, Windley B F, Kusky T, Meng Q R, eds. Mesozoic Sub-Continental Lithospheric Thinning Under Eastern Asia. London: The Geological Society. 1–35
Lallemand S, Jolivet L. 1986. Japan Sea: A pull-apart basin? Earth Planet Sci Lett, 76: 375–389
Lee D S. 1987. Geology of Korea. In: Geological Society of Korea, ed. Seoul: Kyohak-Sa Publishing Corporation. 514
Lee S G, Shin S, Kim K, Lee T, Koh H, Song Y. 2010. Petrogenesis of three Cretaceous granites in the Okcheon Metamorphic Belt, South Korea: Geochemical and Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic constraints. Gondwana Res, 17: 87–101
Lee S R, Cho M. 1995. Tectonometamorphic evolution of the Chuncheon amphibolite, central Gyeonggi massif, South Korea. J Metamorph Geol, 13: 315–328
Lee S R, Cho M, Cheong C, Park K. 1997. An early Proterozoic Sm-Nd age of mafic granulite from the Hwancheon area, South Korea. Geosci J, 1: 136–142
Lee S R, Cho M, Hwang J, Lee B, Kim Y, Kim J. 2003. Crustal evolution of the Gyeonggi massif, South Korea: Nd isotopic evidence and implications for continental growths of East Asia. Precambrian Res, 121: 25–34
Lee Y, Lee J. 2003. Paleozoic sedimentation and tectonics in Korea: A review. Isl Arc, 12: 162–179
Li S R, Santosh M, Zhang H, Shen J, Dong G, Wang J, Zhang J. 2013. Inhomogeneous lithospheric thinning in the central North China Craton: Zircon U-Pb and S-He-Ar isotopic record from magmatism and metallogeny in the Taihang Mountains. Gondwana Res, 23: 141–160
Li S Z, Zhao G, Dai L, Liu X, Zhou L, Santosh M, Suo Y. 2012. Mesozoic basin in eastern China and their bearing on the deconstruction of the North China Craton. J Asia Earth Sci, 47: 64–79
Li W P, Lu F, Li X, Zhou Y, Sun S, Li J, Zhang D. 2001. Geochemical features and origin of volcanic rocks of Tiaojishan Formation in Western Hills of Beijing (in Chinese with English abstract). Acta Petrol Mineral, 20: 123–133
Li X H, Li Z, He B, Li W, Li Q, Gao Y, Wang X. 2012. The Early Permian active continental margin and crustal growth of the Cathaysia Block: In situ U-Pb, Lu-Hf and O isotope analyses of detrital zircons. Chem Geol, 328: 195–207
Li X H, Li Z, Li W. 2014. Detrital zircon U-Pb age and Hf isotope constrains on the generation and reworking of Precambrian continental crust in the Cathaysia Block, South China: A synthesis. Gondwana Res, 25: 1202–1215
Li X H, Li Z, Li W, Wang X, Gao Y. 2013. Revisiting the “C-type adakites” of the Lower Yangtze River Belt, central eastern China: In-situ zircon Hf-O isotope and geochemical constraints. Chem Geol, 345: 1–15
Lin W, Faure M, Monie P, Wang Q. 2007. Polyphase Mesozoic tectonics in the eastern part of the North China Block: Insights from the eastern Liaoning Peninsula massif (NE China). In: Zhai M G, Windley B F, Kusky T M, Meng Q R, eds. Mesozoic Sub-continental Lithosphereic Thinning Under Eastern Asia. Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ, 280: 153–170
Liu J, Zhao Y, Liu X. 2006. Age of the Tiaojishan Formation volcanics in the Chengde Basin, northern Hebei Province. Acta Petrol Sin, 22: 2617–2630
Ma Q, Zheng J, Xu Y, Griffin W, Zhang R. 2015. Are continental “adakites” derived from thickened or foundered lower crust? Earth Planet Sci Lett, 419: 125–133
Mao J R, Li Z L, Ye H M. 2014a. Mesozoic tectono-magmatic activities in South China: Retrospect and prospect. Sci China Earth Sci, 57: 2853–2877
Mao J R, Ye H, Takahashi Y, Li Z, Zhao X, Liu K. 2014b. Geodynamics characteristics of Cretaceous-Paleogene volcano-intrusive belts between in Southeast China coast and Southwest Japan (in Chinese with English abstract). Resour Surv Environ, 35: 157–167
Mao J R, Yutaka T, Li Z, Takahashi N, Ye H, Zhao X, Zhou J, Hu Q, Zeng Q. 2009. Correlation of Meso-Cenozoic tectono-magmatism between SE China and Japan (in Chinese with English abstract). Geol Bull Chin, 28: 844–856
Maruyama S, Isozaki Y, Kimura G, Terabayashi M. 1997. Paleogeographic maps of the Japanese Islands: Plate tectonic synthesis from 750 Ma to the present. Isl Arc, 6: 121–142
Matsuoka A. 1992. Jurassic-early Cretaceous tectonic evolution of southern Chichibu terrane, southwest Japan. Paleogeogr Paleoclimatol Paleoecol, 96: 71–88
Meng Q. 2003. What drove late Mesozoic extension of the northern China- Mongolia tract? Tectonophysics, 369: 155–174
Menzies M, Fan W, Zhang M. 1993. Palaeozoic and Cenozoic lithoprobes and the loss of >120 km of Archean lithosphere, Sino-Korean craton, China. Geol Soc London Spec Publ, 76: 71–81
Mu B, Shao J, Chu Z, Yan G, Qiao G. 2001. Sm-Nd ages and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic characteristics of K-ultramafic-syenitic complex in Fanshan, Hebei Province (in Chinese with English abstract). Acta Petrol Sin, 17: 358–365
Nagata M, Kito N, Niida K. 1986. The Kumaneshiri Grop in the Kabato Mountais: The age and nature as an Early Cretaceous volcanic arc. In: Editorial Committee of Geology and Tectonics of Hokkaido, ed. Geology and Tectonics of Hokkaido (in Japanese with English abstract). Monograph Assoc Geol Collab Japan, 31: 63–79
Nakae S. 2000. Regional correlation of the Jurassic accretionary complex in the Inner Zone of southwest Japan (in Japanese). Memoirs Geol Soc Japan, 55: 73–98
Nishiro K, Yoshida K. 2014, Tectonic constraints to Cretaceous magmatic arc deduced from detrital heavy minerals in northeastern Japan evidence from detrital garnets, tourmalines and chromian spinels. Cretac Res, 48: 39–53
Oh C. 2006. A new concept on tectonic correlation between Korea, China and Japan: Histories from the late Proterozoic to Cretaceous. Gondwana Res, 9: 47–61
Oh C, Choi S, Zhai M, Guo J, Jin Y. 2005. First finding of eclogite facies metamorphic event in South Korea and its correlation with the Dabie-Sulu collision belt in China. J Geol, 113: 226–232
Oh C, Krishnan S, Kim W, Kwon Y. 2006. Mangerite magmatism associated with a probable Late-Permian to Triassic Hongseong-Odesan collision belt in South Korea. Gondwana Res, 9: 95–105
Oh C, Kusky T. 2007. The late Permian to Triassic Hongseong-Odesan collision belt in South Korea, and its tectonic correlation with China and Japan. Int Geol Rev, 49: 636–657
Otoh S, Tsukada K, Kasahara K, Hotta K, Sasaki M. 2003. Outline of the shear zones in the Hida Marginal Belt. Memoir Fukui Prefect Dinosaur Museum, 2: 63–73
Paek R. 1993. Lower Proterozoic era stratigraphy. In: Geological Institute, Academy of Sciences, North Korea, eds. Geology of Korea. Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Books Publishing House. 41–52
Paek R, Gap K, Jon G. 1996. Geology of Korea. Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Books Publishing House. 631
Paek R, Rim D. 2005. On the Rimjinang Belt. In: Gondwana to Asia Symposium of 2005. Beijing: Institute of Geology and Geophysics, CAS. 1–5
Park K, Kim D, Song Y. 2001. Sm-Nd mineral ages of charnokite and ilmenite-bearing anorthositic rocks of the Jirisan area and their genetic relationship (in Korean with English abstract). J Petrol Soc Korea, 10: 27–35
Peng P, Zhai M, Guo J, Zhang H, Zhang Y. 2008. Petrogenesis of Triassic post-collisional syenite plutonsin the Sino-Korean craton: An example from North Korea. Geol Mag, 145: 637–647
Qian X. 1986. Sino-Korea fault block. In: Zhang W Y, ed. Continental-Oceanic Geotectonics of China and Adjacent Areas (in Chinese). Beijing: Scientific Press. 160–162
Qiu Y M, Groves D, McNaughton N, Wang L, Zhou T. 2002. Nature, age, and tectonic setting of granitoid-hosted, orogenic gold deposits of the Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern North China Craton, China. Mineral Deposit, 37: 283–305
Rapp R, Xiao L, Shimizu N. 2002. Experimental constraints on the origin of potassium-rich adakites in eastern China (in English with Chinese abstract). Acta Petrol Sin, 18: 293–302
Ree J H, Cho M, Kwon S, Nakamura E. 1996. Possible eastward extension of Chinese collision belt in South Korea: The Imjingang belt. Geology, 24: 1071–1074
Ree J H, Kwon S, Park Y, Kwon S, Park S. 2001. Pretectonic and posttectonic emplacements of the granitoids in the south central Okchon belt, South Korea: Implications for the timing of strike-slip shearing and thrusting. Tectonics, 20: 850–867
Reedman A, Urn S. 1975. Geology of Korea. Korea: Korea Institute of Energy and Resources. 139
Ren J, Tamaki K, Li S, Zhang J. 2002. Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic rifting and its dynamic setting in Eastern China and adjacent areas. Tectonophysics, 344: 175–205
Ren R, Mu B, Zhang L, Chen J, Xu Z, Song B. 2009. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating of the Fanshan potassic alkaline ultramafic-syenite complex in Hebei Province, China (in Chinese with English abstract). Acta Petrol Sin, 25: 588–594
Sagong H, Cheong C, Kwon S. 2003. Paleoproterozoic orogen in South Korea: Evidence from Sm-Nd and Pb step-leaching garnet ages of Precambrian basement rocks. Precambrian Res, 122: 275–298
Sagong H, Kwon S, Ree J. 2005. Mesozoic episodic magmatism in South Korea and its tectonic implication. Tectonics, 24: 1–18
Sano Y, Hidaka H, Terada K, Shimizu H, Suzuki M. 2000. Ion microprobe U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Hida gneiss: Finding of the oldest minerals in Japan. Geochem J, 34: 135–153
Sasaki K, Tsuchiya N. 1999. Stratigraphy and volcanic history of Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks in Hachinohe-Tanesashi area, northern Kitakami Mountains, Japan. 106th Annual Meeting Geol Soc Japan, 106: 254
Seo H, Kim D, Park S, Lim S, Cho M, Bae D. 1979. Geological Maps of Samcheog Coalfield (in Korean). Korea Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Research
Seo J, Choi S, Oh C. 2010. Petrology, geochemistry, and geochronology of the post-collisional Triassic mangerite and syenite in the Gwangcheon area, Hongseong Belt, South Korea. Gondwana Res, 18: 479–496
Shao J, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Mu B, Wang P, Guo F. 2003. Early Mesozoic dike swarms of carbonatites and lamprophyres in Datong area. Acta Petrol Sin, 19: 93–104
Shibata K, Matsumoto T, Yanagi T, Hamamoto R. 1978. Isotopic ages and stratigraphic control of Mesozoic igneous rocks in Japan. American Association of Petroleum Geologist Special Volume, Contributions to the Geologic Time Scale. 143–164
Smith C. 1983. Pb, Sr and Nd isotopic evidence for sources of Southern African Cretaceous kimberlites. Nature, 304: 51–54
Sonehara T, Harayama S. 2007. Petrology of the Nohi Rhyolite and its related granitoids: A Late Cretaceous large silicic igneous field in central Japan. J Volcanol Geotherm Res, 167: 57–80
Song J, Hu T, Wang E, Jia S. 2009. A comparison of metal logenic conditions between two sides of Yalu River and its inspiration to future ore-prospecting in Liaodong area. Mineral Deposit, 28: 449–461
Sun W, Ding X, Hu Y, Li X. 2007. The golden transformation of the Cretaceous plate subduction in the west Pacific. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 262: 533–542
Sun W D, Yang X, Fan W, Wu F. 2012. Mesozoic large scale magmatism and mineralization in South China: Preface. Lithos, 150: 1–5
Taira A. 2001. Tectonic evolution of the Japanese island arc system. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci, 29: 109–134
Takigami Y. 1991. 40Ar-39Ar ages of igneous rocks near Miyako-City, Northeast Japan. Res Bull Kanto Gakuen Univ, 18: 105–114
Tang J, Xu W, Wang F, Zhao S, Li Y. 2015. Geochronology, geochemistry, and deformation history of Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous intrusive rocks in the Erguna Massif, NE China: Constraints on the late Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the Mongol-Okhotsk orogenic belt. Tectonophysics, 658: 91–110
Tatsumi Y, Nakashima T, Tamura Y. 2002. The petrology and geochemistry of calc-alkaline andesites on Shodo-Shima Island, SW Japan. J Petrol, 43: 3–16
Tian W, Chen B, Liu C, Zhang H. 2007. Zircon U-Pb age and Hf isotopic composition of the Xiaozhangjiakou ultramaric pluton in northern Hebei. Acta Petrol Sin, 23: 583–590
Tsujimori T, Ishiwatari A, Banno S. 2000. Discovery of eclogitic glaucophane schist from the Omi area, Renge metamorphic belt, the Inner zone of southwestern Japan. J Geol Soc Janpan, 106: I–II
Tsujimori T. 2002. Prograde and retrograde P-T paths of the late Paleozoic glaucophane eclogite from the Renge metamorphic belt, Hida Mountains, southwestern Japan. Int Geol Rev, 44: 797–818
Tsujimori T, Liou J, Ernst W, Itaya T. 2006. Triassic paragonite- and garnet- bearing epidote-amphibolite from the Hida Mountains, Japan. Gondwana Res, 9: 167–175
Wang X X, Wang T, Zhang C. 2013. Neoproterozoic, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic granitoid magmatism in the Qinling Orogen, China: Constraints on orogenic process. J Asia Earth Sci, 72: 129–151
Wang Y, Fan W, Zhang G, Zhang Y. 2013. Phanerozoic tectonics of the South China Block: Key observations and controversies. Gondwana Res, 23: 1273–1305
Williams I, Cho D, Kim S. 2009. Geochronology, and geochemical and Nd-Sr isotopic characteristics, of Triassic plutonic rocks in the Gyeonggi Massif, South Korea: Constraints on Triassic post-collisional magmatism. Lithos, 107: 239–256
Wong W. 1927. Crustal movement and igneous activities in eastern China since Mesozoic time. Acta Geol Sin-Engl Ed, 6: 12–21
Worrall D, Kruglyak V, Kunst F, Kuznetsov V. 1996. Tertiary tectonics of the Sea of Okhotsk, Russia: Far-field effects of the India-Eurasia collision. Tectonics, 15: 813–826
Wu F, Ge W, Guo C. 2003. Discussion of lithospheric thinning in east China. Earth Sci Front, 10: 51–60
Wu F, Han R, Yang J, Wilde S, Zhai M, Park S. 2007. Initial constraints on the timing of granitic magmatism in North Korea using U-Pb zircon geochronology. Chem Geol, 238: 232–248
Wu F, Lin J, Wilde S, Zhang X, Yang J. 2005b. Nature and significance of the Early Cretaceous giant igneous event in eastern China. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 233: 103–119
Wu F, Xu Y, Gao S, Zheng J. 2008. Controversial on studies of the lithospheric thinning and craton destruction of North China (in Chinese with English abstract). Acta Petrol Sin, 24: 1145–1174
Wu F, Yang J, Liu X. 2005a. Geochronological framework of the Mesozoic granitic magmatism in the Liaodong Peninsula, Northeast China. Geol J China Univ, 11: 305–317
Wu F Y, Sun D, Ge W, Zhang Y, Grant M, Wilde S, Jahn B. 2011. Geochronology of the Phanerozoic granitoids in northeastern China. J Asia Earth Sci, 41: 1–30
Wu F Y, Walker R, Yang Y, Yuan H, Yang J. 2006. The chemical- temporal evolution of lithospheric mantle underlying the North China Craton. Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 70: 5013–5034
Xu L J, Xiao Y L, Wu F, Li S G, Simon K, Worner G. 2013. Anatomy of garnets in a Jurassic granite from the south-eastern margin of the North China Craton: Magma sources and tectonic implications. J Asia Earth Sci, 78: 198–221
Xu W L, Pei F, Wang F, Meng E, Ji W, Yang D, Wang W. 2013a. Spatial- temporal relationships of Mesozoic volcanic rocks in NE China: Constraints on tectonic overprinting and transformations between multiple tectonic regimes. J Asia Earth Sci, 74: 167–193
Xu W L, Wang F, Pei F, Meng E, Tang J, Xu M, Wang W. 2013b. Mesozoic tectonic regimes and regional ore-forming background in NE China: Constraints from spatial and temporal variations of Mesozoic volcanic rock associations. Acta Petrol Sin, 29: 339–353
Xu Y. 2001. Thermo-tectonic destruction of the Archaean lithospheric keel beneath the Sino-Korean Craton in China: Evidence, timing and mechanism. Phys Chem Earth, 26: 747–757
Xu Y. 2014. Recycled oceanic crust in the source of 90n of the Archa in North and Northeast China: Evidence, provenanceand significance. Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 143: 49–67
Yang D B, Xu W, Wang Q, Pei F, Ji W. 2006. Petrogenesis of Late Jurassic Jingshan granite in Bengbu uplift, Anhui province: Constraints from geochemistry and Hf isotope of zircons. Acta Petrol Sin, 22: 2923–2932
Yang J H, Chung S, Wilde S, Wu F, Chu M, Lo C, Fan H. 2005. Petrogenesis of post-orogenic syenites in the Sulu Orogenic Belt, East China: Geochronological, geochemical and Nd-Sr isotopic evidence. Chem Geol, 214: 99–125
Yang J H, O’ Reilly S, Walker R, Griffin W, Wu F, Zhang M, Pearson N. 2010. Diachronous decratonization of the Sino-Korean craton: Geochemistry of mantle xenoliths from North Korea. Geology, 38: 799–802
Yang J H, Sun J, Zhang M, Wu F, Wilde S. 2012. Petrogenesis of silica- saturated and silica-undersaturated syenites in the northern North China Craton related to post-collisional and intraplate extension. Chem Geol, 328: 149–167
Yang J H, Wu F, Wilde S, Liu X. 2007. Petrogenesis of Late Triassic granitoids and their enclaves with implications for post-collisional lithospheric thinning of the Liaodong Peninsula, North China Craton. Chem Geol, 242: 155–175
Yang W, Li S. 2008. Geochronology and geochemistry of the Mesozoic volcanic rocks in Western Liaoning: Implications for lithospheric thinning of the North China Craton. Lithos, 102: 88–117
Ye H, Mao J, Zhao X, Liu K, Chen D. 2013. Revisiting to the Early Yanshanian (190–170 Ma) igneous activity in Nanling Mountains, South China: Geochemistry and geodynamic implications. J Asian Earth Sci, 72: 108–117
Yi K, Cheong C, Kim J, Kim N, Jeong Y, Cho M. 2012. Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic arc-related magmatism in southeastern Korea: SHRIMP zircon geochronology and geochemistry. Lithos, 153: 129–141
Yi K, Lee S, Kwon S, Cheong C. 2014. Polyphase tectono-magmatic episodes as revealed by SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology and microanalysis of zircon and titanite from the central Okcheon belt, Korea. J Asia Earth Sci, 95: 243–253
Yoon S, Chough S. 1995. Regional strike–slip in the eastern continental margin of Korea and its tectonic implications for the evolution of Ulleung Basin, East Sea (Sea of Japan). Geol Soc Amer, 107: 83–97
Yu S, Xu Y, Ma J, Zheng Y, Kuang Y, Hong L, Ge W, Tong L. 2010. Remnants of oceanic lower crust in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle: Traceelement and Sr-Nd-O isotope evidence from aluminous garnet pyroxenite xenoliths from Jiaohe, Northeast China. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 297: 413–422
Zhai M, Fan Q. 2002. Lower crust replacement: Anorogenic mantle-crust reaction (in Chinese with English abstract). Acta Petrol Sin, 18: 1–9
Zhai M, Guo J, Peng P, Hu B. 2007. U-Pb zircon age dating of a rapakivi granite batholith on Rangni Massif, North Korea. Geol Mag, 144: 547–552
Zhai M, Meng Q, Liu J, Hou Q, Hu S. 2004a. Geological features of Mesozoic tectonic regime inversion in Eastern North China and implication for geodynamics. Earth Sci Front, 11: 285–297
Zhai M, Ni Z, Oh C, Guo J, Choi S. 2005. SHRIMP zircon age of a Proterozoic rapakivi granite batholith in the Gyeonggi massif (South Korea) and its geological implications. Geol Mag, 142: 23–30
Zhai M, Santosh M. 2011. The early Precambrian odyssey of the North China Craton: A synoptic overview. Gondwana Res, 20: 6–25
Zhai M, Santosh M. 2013. Metallogeny of the North China Craton: Link with secular changes in the evolving Earth. Gondwana Res, 24: 275–297
Zhai M, Yan J, Liu W. 2001. Large Clusters of Gold Deposits and Large-scale Metallogenesis in the Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China. Sci in China Ser D-Earth Sci, 44: 758–768
Zhai M, Yang J, Fan H, Miao L, Li Y. 2002. A large–scale cluster of gold deposits and metallogenesis in the Eastern North China craton. Int Geol Rev, 44: 458–476
Zhai M, Zhu R, Liu J, Meng Q, Hou Q, Hu S, Li Z, Zhang H, Liu W. 2004b. Time range of Mesozoic tectonic regime inversion in eastern North China Block. Sci in China Ser D-Earth Sci, 47: 151–159
Zhai M G, Guo J, Li Z, Hou Q, Peng P, Fan Q, Li T. 2007. Linking Sulu orogenic belt to Korean Peninsula: Evidences of metamorphism, Precambrian basement and Paleozoic basins. Gondwana Res, 12: 388–403
Zhang G W, Guo A, Wang Y, Li S, Dong Y, Liu S, He D, Chen S, Lu R, Yao A. 2013. Tectonics of South China continent and its implications. Sci China Earth Sci, 56: 1804–1828
Zhang H, Sun M. 2002. Geochemistry of Mesozoic basalts and mafic dikes in southeastern North China craton, and tectonic implication. Int Geol Rev, 44: 370–382
Zhang H, Sun M, Zhou X, Zhou M, Fan W, Zheng J. 2003. Secular evolution of the lithosphere beneath the eastern North China Craton: Evidence from Mesozoic basalts and high-Mg andesites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 67: 4373–4387
Zhang H F, Goldstein S, Zhou X, Sun M, Cai Y. 2009. Comprehensive refertilization of lithospheric mantle beneath the North China Craton: Further Os-Sr-Nd isotopic constraints. J Geol Soc Lond, 166: 249–259
Zhang H F, Min S, Zhou X, Ying J. 2005. Geochemical constraints on the origin of Mesozoic alkaline intrusive complexes from the North China Craton and tectonic implications. Lithos, 81: 297–317
Zhang Q, Wang Y, Qian Q, Yang J, Wang Y, Zhao T, Guo G. 2001. The characteristics and tectonic-metallogenic significance
Zhang S H, Zhao Y, Davis G, Ye H, Wu F. 2014. Temporal and spatial variations of Mesozoic magmatism and deformation in the North China Craton: Implications for lithospheric thinning and decratonization. Earth-Sci Rev, 131: 49–87
Zhang S H, Zhao Y, Ye H, Hou K, Li C. 2012. Early Mesozoic alkaline complexes in the northern North China Craton: Implications for cratonic lithospheric destruction. Lithos, 155: 1–18
Zhang T, Zhang Y Q. 2007. Geochronological sequence of Mesozoic intrusive magmatism in Jiaodong Peninsula and its tectonic constraints (in Chinese with English abstract). Geol J China Univ, 13: 323–336
Zhang W Y. 1986. Continental-Oceanic Geotectonics of China and Adjacent Areas. Beijing: Scientific Press. 45–56
Zhang X, Mao Q, Zhang H, Wilde S. 2008. A Jurassic peraluminous leucogranite from Yiwulüshan, western Liaoning, North China Craton: Age, origin and tectonic significance. Geol Mag, 145: 305–320
Zhang X, Yuan L, Wilde S. 2014. Crust/mantle interaction during the construction of an extensional magmatic dome: Middle to Late Jurassic plutonic complex from western Liaoning, North China Craton. Lithos, 205: 185–207
Zhang X H, Yuan L, Xue F, Zhang Y. 2012. Contrasting Triassic ferroan granitoids from northwestern Liaoning, North China: Magmatic monitor of Mesozoic decratonization and a craton-orogen boundary. Lithos, 144–145: 12–23
Zhang Y, Dong S, Zhao Y, Zhang T. 2008. Jurassic tectonics of North China: A synthetic view. Acta Geol Sin-Engl Ed, 82: 310–326
Zhang Y B, Zhai M, Kou Q, Li T, Liu F, Hu B. 2012. Late Cretaceous volcanic rocks and associated granites in Gyeongsang Basin, SE Korea: Their chronological ages and tectonic implications for cratonic destruction of the North China Craton. J Asia Earth Sci, 47: 252–264
Zhang Y Q, Dong S, Li J, Gui J, Shi W, Su J, Li, Y. 2012. The New Progress in the Study of Mesozoic Tectonics of South China (in Chinese with English abstract). Acta Geosci Sin, 33: 257–279
Zhang Z, Wu J, Deng Y, Teng J, Zhang X, Chen Y, Panza G. 2012. Lateral variation of the strength of lithosphere across eastern North China Craton: New constraints on lithospheric destruction. Gondwana Res, 22: 1047–1059
Zhao D, Maruyama S, Omori S. 2007. Mantle dynamics of Western Pacific and East Asia: Insight from seismic tomography and mineral physics. Gondwana Res, 11: 120–131
Zhao Y, Xu G, Zhang S, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Hu J. 2004. Yanshanian movement and conversion of tectonic regimes in East Asia (in Chinese with English abstract). Earth Sci Front, 11: 319–328
Zheng J, Su M, Lu F, Person N. 2003. Mesozoic lower crustal xenoliths and their significance in lithospheric evolution beneath the Sino-Korea. Tectonophysics, 361: 37–60
Zheng Y F, Xiao W, Zhao G. 2013. Introduction to tectonics of China. Gondwana Res, 23: 1189–1206
Zhou T F, Fan Y, Yuan F, Zhing G. 2012. Progress of geological study in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Valley metallogenic belt (in Chinese with English abstract). Acta Petrol Sin, 28: 3051–3066
Zhou X, Li W. 2000. Origin of Late Mesozoic rocks in southeastern China: Implications for lithosphere subduction and underplating of mafic magmas. Tectonophysics, 326: 269–287
Zhu G, Jiang D, Zhang B, Chen Y. 2012. Destruction of the eastern North China Craton in a backarc setting: Evidence from crustal deformation kinematics. Gondwana Res, 22: 86–103
Zhu R, Xu Y, Zhu G, Zhang H, Xia Q, Zheng T. 2012. Destruction of the North China Craton. Sci China Earth Sci, 55: 1565–1587
Zhu R, Fan H, Li J, Meng Q, Li S, Zeng Q. 2015. Decratonic gold deposit. Sci China Earth Sci, 58: 1523–1537
Acknowledgements
We want to thank Dr. Zhou Ligang, Lu Junsheng, and doctoral students Wang Haozheng, Ge Songsheng, Cui Xiahong, Shan Houxiang and Yi Zou for drawing figures. Special thanks to Prof. Meng Qingren, Li Xianhua, Zhao Yue and Zhang Shuanhong for their benefical discussion and help. We express our gratitude to our cooperators from North and South Korea. They are Prof. Park Hyonuk, Yang Jonghyok, Kim Jongnam, Kim Sunghyon, Han Ryongyon, Jong Cholsu, Park Ung and Kim Myongchol from Institute of Geology, Academy of Science, DPR Korea, and Prof. Oh Chang-Wan from the Chonbook National University, Prof. Ryu In-Chang from the Kyungpook National University and Prof. Choi Seon-Gyu from the Korea University. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41210003 & the 41530208).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhai, M., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X. et al. Renewed profile of the Mesozoic magmatism in Korean Peninsula: Regional correlation and broader implication for cratonic destruction in the North China Craton. Sci. China Earth Sci. 59, 2355–2388 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-016-0107-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-016-0107-0