Abstract
In this study, an improved version of the low-frequency indoor location system, with a larger detection range and more durable antenna laminate, is presented. The basic system uses quad antennas, placed under the floor surface, to locate tags with 125-kHz radio signals. The improvements were achieved with a one-layer laminate construction and transmitter electronics that can feed larger currents to the antennas. The measured tag detection height was 2 m, which is adequate for location applications. The low-frequency signal was not affected by normal objects. The tag location reliability of 96.3% was verified with a practical test.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Hightower J., Borriello G. (2001) Location systems for ubiquitous computing. Computer 34(8): 57–66
Krumm, J., Harris S., Meyers, B., Brumitt, B., Hale, M., & Shafer, S. (2000). Multi-camera multi-person tracking for easyLiving. In Proceedings of the third IEEE international workshop on visual surveillance (VS’2000).
Harville M. (2004) Stereo person tracking with adaptive plan-view templates of height and occupancy statistics. Image Vision Computer 22(2): 127–142
Addlesee M. D., Jones A., Livesey F., Samaria F. (1997) The ORL active floor. IEEE Personal Communications 5(4): 35–41
Orr, R. J., & Abowd, G. D. (2000). The smart floor: A mechanism for natural user identification and tracking. In Conference on human factors in computing systems (CHI 2000) (pp. 1–6). The Hague: Netherlands (April).
Lekkala, J., & Paajanen, M. (1999). EMFi—new electret material for sensors and actuators. In Proceedings of the IEEE. 10th international symposium on electrets (pp. 743–746).
Zimmerman T. G. (1996) Personal area networks: Near-field intrabody communication. IBM Systems Journal 35(3 & 4): 609–617
Savio, D. & Ludwig, T. (2007). Smart carpet: A footstep tracking interface. In Proceedings 21st International conference on advanced information networking and applications workshops, AINAW ’07 (pp. 754–760). Niagara Falls: Canada.
Rimminen, H., Linnavuo, M., & Sepponen, R. (2008). Human tracking using near field imaging. In 2nd International conference on pervasive computing technologies for healthcare.
Valtonen, M., Mäentausta, J., & Vanhala, J. (2009). Tiletrack: Capacitive human tracking using floor tiles. In 7th Annual IEEE international conference on pervasive computing and communications (PerCom 2009).
BenAbdelkader, C., Cutler, R., & Davis, L. (2002). Stride and cadence as a biometric in automatic person identification and verification. In Proceedings fifth IEEE international conference on automatic face and gesture recognition (pp. 372–377). Washington, D.C. (May 21 2002).
Williams, M. (2007). Better face-recognition software. Technology Review (30 May 2007).
Want R., Hopper A., Falcao V., Gibbons J. (1992) The active badge location system. ACM Transaction on Information Systems 10(1): 91–102
Cheok A. D., Li Y. (2008) Ubiquitous interaction with positioning and navigation using a novel light sensor-based information transmission system. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 12(6): 445–458
Priyantha, N. B. (2005). The cricket indoor location system, Doctoral Thesis. Massachusetts institute of technology: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (June 2005).
Hazas, M., & Ward, A. (2002). A novel broadband ultrasonic location system, Lecture notes in computer science. Springer Berlin:Heidelberg (2498/2002, Jan 2002).
Hori T., Nishida Y., Aizawa H., Murakami S., Mizoguchi H. (2004) Sensor network for supporting elderly care home. Proceedings of IEEE Sensors 2: 575–578
Harter A., Hopper A., Steggles P., Ward A., Webster P. (2002) The anatomy of a context-aware application. Wireless Networks 2(2): 187–197
Hii, P., & Zaslavsky A. (2005). Improving location accuracy by combining WLAN positioning and sensor technology, Workshop on real-world wireless sensor networks (REALWSN’0) pp. 20–21. Stockholm: Sweden (June).
Cho, H., Kang, M., Park, J., Park, B. & Kim, H. (2007). Performance analysis of location estimation algorithm in zigBee networks using received signal strength. In Proceedings 21st international conference on advanced information networking and applications workshops (AINAW’07) (pp. 302–306). Niagara Falls: Canada (May 21–23).
Hihnel, D., Burgard, W., Fox, D., Fishkin, K., & Philipose, M. (2004). Mapping and localization with LFID technology. In Proceedings IEEE international conference on robotics & Automation (pp. 1015–1020) New Orleans, LA (April).
Willis, S. & Helal, S. (2005). LFID information grid for blind navigation and wayfinding. In Proceedings ninth IEEE international symposium on wearable computers (ISWC’05) (pp. 34–37). Osaka, Japan (Oct. 18–21).
Blomme, E., Bulcaen, D., Declercq, F., & Lust, P. (2002). Air-coupled ultrasonic evaluation of coated textiles. In Ultrasonics symposium, 2002. Proceedings. 2002 IEEE , 1, 757–760 (8–11 Oct. 2002).
DuChateau, J. E. (2005). Using ultrasound in concealed weapons detection, senior Thesis. NDE Lab, Department of Applied Science, College of William and Mary: Williamsburg, VA (pp. 15–20). (April 2005).
Rimminen H., Lindström J., Sepponen R. (2009) Positioning accuracy and multi-target separation with a human tracking system using near field imaging. International Jornal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems 2(1): 156–175
Oksanen, R., Paldanius, S., Nykänen, J., Linnavuo, M., Raivio, K., Segerstam, K. E., Sepponen, R., Pohjola, L., & Finne-Soveri, H. (2009). Testing and adopting floor-sensor solutions in daily practice for patient safety in Kustaankartano nursing home. The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, 13 (supplement 1), 361 (Jul. 2009 [abstract]) and at 19th IAGG world congress of gerontology and geriatrics Paris, France 2009 [poster].
Abowd G. D., Atkeson C. G., Hong J., Long S., Kooper R., Pinkerton M. (1997) Cyberguide: A mobile context-aware tour guide. Wireless Networks 3(5): 421–433
Thrun S., Bennewitz M., Burgard W., Cremers A. B., Dellaert F., Fox D., Hähnel D., Rosenberg C., Roy N., Schulte J., Schulz D. (1999) MINERVA: A second-generation Museum tour-guide robot. Proceedings—IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation 3: 1999–2005
Linnavuo, M., & Rimminen, H. (2010). Localization and monitoring of people with a near-field imaging system: Boosting the elderly care. In Pervasive and smart technologies for healthcare: Ubiquitous methodologies and tools pp. 78–96.
Linnavuo, M., Ojapelto, A., & Sepponen, R. (2009). A proactive space for rehabilitation, gaming and multimodal interaction: A poster presentation. In Proceedings of the 13th international mindTrek conference: Everyday life in the Ubiquitous Era (p. 213).
Finkenzeller, K. (2003). RFID Handbook—fundamentals and applications in contactless smart cards and identification Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons.
Dobkin D.M. (2008) The RF in RFID: Passive UHF RFID in practice. Elsevier Inc. (p. 72), Burlington, MA, p 25
Ropponen, A., Linnavuo, M., & Sepponen, R. (2009). LF indoor location and identification system. International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent System, 2(1), 94–117 (March 2009).
Analog Devices ADG706/ADG707 datasheet. (2002). Analog Devices Inc: Norwood, Maine (2002).
Rautio J. C., Demir V. (2003) Microstrip conductor loss models for electromagnetic analysis. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 51(3): 915–921
Johns, D. A., & Martin, K. (1997). Analog integrated circuit design. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Ropponen, A., Rimminen, H. & Sepponen, R. Robust System for Indoor Localisation and Identification for the Health Care Environment. Wireless Pers Commun 59, 57–71 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-010-0189-z
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-010-0189-z