Abstract
An alternative approach to quantification of the contribution of non-Q B -reducing centers to Chl a fluorescence induction curve is proposed. The experimental protocol consists of a far-red pre-illumination followed by a strong red pulse to determine the fluorescence rise kinetics. The far-red pre-illumination induces an increase in the initial fluorescence level (F25 μs) that saturates at low light intensities indicating that no light intensity-dependent accumulation of Q −A occurs. Far-red light-dose response curves for the F25 μs-increase give no indication of superimposed period-4 oscillations. F25 μs-dark-adaptation kinetics following a far-red pre-pulse, reveal two components: a faster one with a half-time of a few seconds and a slower component with a half-time of around 100 s. The faster phase is due to the non-Q B -reducing centers that re-open by recombination between Q −A and the S-states on the donor side. The slower phase is due to the recombination between Q −B and the donor side in active PS II reaction centers. The pre-illumination-induced increase of the F25 μs-level represents about 4–5% of the variable fluorescence for pea leaves (∼2.5% equilibrium effect and 1.8–3.0% non-Q B -reducing centers). For the other plant species tested these values were very similar. The implications of these values will be discussed.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Abbreviations
- Chl:
-
chlorophyll
- DCMU:
-
3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1′-dimethylurea
- F25 μ s:
-
initial fluorescence, for dark adapted leaves equal to Fo
- Fpl:
-
intermediate fluorescence induction level when measured at low light intensity
- Fv:
-
variable fluorescence here used as maximum variable fluorescence
- LED:
-
light emitting diode
- OJIP curve:
-
fluorescence induction transient defined by the names of its intermediate steps, O-level is fluorescence-level at 25 μs, J-level is fluorescence-level at ∼2 ms, I-level is fluorescence level at ∼30 ms and P-level is F m , the maximum fluorescence
- QA and QB:
-
primary and secondary quinone electron acceptors of Photosystem II
References
MT Black T Brearley P Horton (1986) ArticleTitleHeterogeneity in chloroplast photosystem II Photosynth Res 8 193–207 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00037128
RA Chylla J Whitmarsh (1989) ArticleTitleInactive photosystem II complexes in leaves Plant Physiol 90 765–772
AR Crofts HH Robinson M Snozzi (1984) Reactions of quinones at catalytic sites; a diffusional role in H-transfer C Sybesma (Eds) Advances in Photosynthesis Research, Vol I. Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W Junk Publishers The Hague, The Netherlands 461–468
JP Dekker HJ Gorkom ParticleVan J Wensink L Ouwehand (1984) ArticleTitleAbsorbance difference spectra of the successive redox states of the oxygen-evolving apparatus of photosynthesis Biochim Biophys Acta 767 1–9
BA Diner (1977) ArticleTitleDependence of the deactivation reactions of Photosystem II on the redox state of plastoquinone pool A varied under anaerobic conditions; equilibria on the acceptor side of Photosystem II Biochim Biophys Acta 460 247–258 Occurrence Handle870036
BA Diner V Petrouleas JJ Wendoloski (1991) ArticleTitleThe iron-quinone electron acceptor complex of Photosystem II Physiol Plant 81 423–436 Occurrence Handle10.1034/j.1399-3054.1991.810320.x
B Forbush B Kok (1968) ArticleTitleReaction between primary and secondary electron acceptors of Photosystem II of photosynthesis Biochim Biophys Acta 162 243–253 Occurrence Handle5682854
JE Guenther A Melis (1990) ArticleTitleThe physiological significance of Photosystem II heterogeneity in chloroplasts Photosynth Res 23 105–109 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00030070
M Hauser H Eichelmann V Oja U Heber A Laisk (1995) ArticleTitleStimulation by light of rapid pH regulation in the chloroplast stroma in vivo as indicated by CO2 solubilization in leaves Plant Physiol 108 1059–1066 Occurrence Handle12228527
B-D Hsu J-Y Lee (1991) ArticleTitleCharacterization of the Photosystem II centers inactive in plastoquinone reduction by fluorescence induction Photosynth Res 27 143–150 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00033253
B-D Hsu J-Y Lee Y-R Jang (1989) ArticleTitleA method for analysis of fluorescence induction curve from DCMU-poisoned chloroplasts Biochim Biophys Acta 975 44–49
J Lavergne (1991) ArticleTitleImproved UV-visible spectra of the S-transitions in the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving system Biochim Biophys Acta 1060 175–188
J Lavergne J-M Briantais (1996) Photosystem II heterogeneity DR Ort CF Yocum (Eds) Oxygenic Photosynthesis: The Light Reactions, Advances in Photosynthesis, Vol 4. Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht/Boston/London 265–287
J Lavergne A-L Etienne (1980) ArticleTitlePrompt and delayed fluorescence of chloroplasts upon mixing with dichlorophenylmethylurea Biochim Biophys Acta 593 136–148 Occurrence Handle7426641
J Lavergne E Leci (1993) ArticleTitleProperties of inactive Photosystem II centers Photosynth Res 35 323–343 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00016563
A Melis (1985) ArticleTitleFunctional properties of Photosystem IIβ in spinach chloroplasts Biochim Biophys Acta 808 334–342
G Renger R Hagemann R Fromme (1986) ArticleTitleThe susceptibility of the p-benzoquinone-mediated electron transport and atrazin binding to trypsin and its modification by CaCl2 in thylakoids and PS II membrane fragments FEBS Lett 203 210–214 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0014-5793(86)80744-X
G Renger R Fromme R Hagemann (1988) ArticleTitleThe modification of atrazine binding by the redox state of the endogenous high-spin iron and by specific proteolytic enzymes in Photosystem II membrane fragments and intact thylakoids Biochim Biophys Acta 935 173–183
HH Robinson AR Crofts (1984) Kinetics of proton uptake and the oxidation-reduction reactions of the quinone acceptor complex of PS II from pea chloroplasts C Sybesma (Eds) Advances in Photosynthesis Research, Vol I. Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk Publishers The Hague, The Netherlands 477–480
AW Rutherford Y Inoue (1984) ArticleTitleOscillation of delayed luminescence from PS II: recombination of S2Q −B and S3Q −B FEBS Lett 165 163–170 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0014-5793(84)80162-3
AW Rutherford Govindjee Y Inoue (1984) ArticleTitleCharge accumulation and photochemistry in leaves studied by thermoluminescence and delayed light emission Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81 1107–1111
G Schansker C Goussias V Petrouleas AW Rutherford (2002) ArticleTitleReduction of the Mn cluster of the water-oxidizing enzyme by nitric oxide: formation of an S−2 state Biochemistry 41 3057–3064 Occurrence Handle11863444
RJ Strasser M Tsimilli-Michael A Srivastava (2005) Analysis of the chlorophyll a transient G Papageorgiou Govindjee (Eds) Chlorophyll Fluorescence: A Signature of Photosynthesis. Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht/Boston/London 321–362
P Tomek P Ilik D Lazar M Stroch J Naus (2003) ArticleTitleOn the determination of Q B -non-reducing photosystem II centers from chlorophyll a fluorescence induction Plant Sci 164 665–670 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0168-9452(03)00029-3
WFJ Vermaas G Renger G Dohnt (1984) ArticleTitleThe reduction of the oxygen-evolving system in chloroplasts by thylakoid components Biochim Biophys Acta 764 194–202
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Schansker, G., Strasser, R.J. Quantification of non-Q B -reducing centers in leaves using a far-red pre-illumination. Photosynth Res 84, 145–151 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-004-7156-z
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-004-7156-z