Optical and Quantum Electronics (2024) 56:641

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-024-06313-x

The Publisher has retracted this article in agreement with the Editors-in-Chief. An investigation by the Publisher found a number of articles, including this one, with a number of concerns, including but not limited to compromised peer-review process, inappropriate or irrelevant references, containing nonstandard phrases or not being in scope of the journal. Based on the investigation’s findings the Publisher, in consultation with the Editors-in-Chief, therefore no longer has confidence in the results and conclusions of this article.

Authors Hai Huang and Leilei Yan have not responded to correspondence regarding this retraction. The Publisher has not been able to obtain a current email address for authors Jun Chen and Xing Li.