Retraction to: Multimedia Tools and Applications (2017) 76:18687–18710

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-017-4364-z

The Editor-in-Chief and the publisher have retracted this article. This article was submitted to be part of a guest-edited issue. An investigation concluded that the editorial process of this guest-edited issue was compromised by a third party and that the peer review process has been manipulated. Based on the investigation’s findings the Editor-in-Chief therefore no longer has confidence in the results and conclusions of this article.

Ritika Singh has not responded to correspondence regarding this retraction. Rishav Singh has not explicitly stated whether they agree to this retraction notice. The Publisher has not been able to obtain a current email address for Jun Li.