Abstract
We develop an all-optical two-state Pauli X logic gate, using two-dimensional nano-photonic crystals (PhCs) based on photonic-crystal semiconductor optical amplifier switches (pc-SOA). An all-optical two-state Pauli X logic gate device is implemented by exploiting the cross-gain modulation property of pc-SOA (XGM) and the frequency encoding technique, which is constructed using a nano-structured photonic-crystal-based waveguide formed by a 2D square lattice of GaAsInP rods in the air background. The Pauli X gate is constructed within a two-input–two-output channel system. We confirm the operation of an all-optical two-state Pauli X logic gate by two sets of simulation experiments. For the simulation process, we use the finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) and plane wave expansion (PWE) techniques. The frequency range of the band gap structure is determined in the transverse electric (TE) mode. The pc-SOA is used here for its highly-packed design, less consuming power, very high power transmission, and very good execution of the logic system. The simulation result at the output channels is also checked with the help of the cross-gain modulation (XGM) process. A two-state all-optical Pauli X gate device has a very fast response time (~1 ps), allowing for very fast optical information processing, which is helpful in the field of quantum computation. The speed of operation is on the order of 1 THz. The confinement of light is controlled and dominated by the nano-photonic crystal-based device (PhCs), and the frequency encoding technique can be exploited to improve the performance of the logic system.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
R. D. Meade, K. D. Brommer, A. M. Rappe, and J. D. Joannopoulos, Appl. Phys. Lett., 61, 495 (1992); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.107868.
Y. Trabelsi, N. B. Ali, F. S.-Chaves, and H. V. Posada, Results Phys., 19, 103600 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2020.103600.
S. Lakshan and S. Mukhopadhyay, J. Opt., 52, 317 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-022-00903-2
M. Li, J. Ling, Y. He, et al., Nature Commun., 11, 4123 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17950-7
A. Kotb, K. E. Zoiros, and C. Guo, Opt. Laser Technol., 119, 105611 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2019.105611
P. Mondal, H. Bhowmik, and S. Mukhopadhyay, Opt. Eng. (USA), 45, 075002 (2006).
D. G. S. Rao, S. Swarnakar, V. Palacharla, et al., Photonic Netw. Commun., 41, 109 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-020-00916-6
S. H. Kim, J. H. Kim, B. G. Yu, et al., Electron. Lett., 41, 1027 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1049/el:20052320
K. Heydarian, A. Nosratpour, and M. Razaghi, J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater., 31, 2250013 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218863522500138
A. Pashamehr, M. Zavvari, and H. A.-Banaei, Front. Optoelectron., 9, 578 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-016-0513-7
A. Salmanpour, S. Mohammadnejad, and P. T. Omran, Opt. Quantum Electron., 47, 3689 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-015-0238-7
H. A.-Banaei, S. Serajmohammadi, and F. Mehdizadeh, Optik, 125, 5701 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2014.06.013
A. Kumar and S. Medhekar, Optik, 179, 237 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.10.188
T. A. Moniem, Quantum Electron., 47, 169 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1070/QEL16279
N. Nozhat and N. Granpayeh, Appl. Opt., 54, 7944 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.54.007944
M. M. Karkhanehchi, F. Parandin, and A. Zahedi, Photonic Netw. Commun., 33, 159 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-016-0629-0
M. Seifouri, S. Olyaee, M. Sardari, and A. M.-Bahabady, IET Optoelectron., 13, 139 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-opt.2018.5130
F. Parandin and M. R. Malmir, Opt. Quantum Electron., 52, 56 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-019-2167-3
D. G. S. Rao, V. Palacharla, S. Swarnakar, and S. Kumar, Appl. Opt., 59, 7139 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.400223
T. A. Moniem, Opt. Quantum Electron., 47, 2843 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-015-0173-7
S. S. Z-Dehkordi, M. Soroosh, and G. Akbarizadeh, Opt. Rev., 25, 523 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-018-0443-2
A. Abbasi, M. Noshad, R. Ranjbar, and R. Kheradmand, Opt. Commun., 285, 5073 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2012.06.095
K. M. K. Rao, N. J. Aneela, K. Y. Sri, et al., J. VLSI Circuits and Systems, 3(2), 11 (2021); https://doi.org/10.31838/jvcs/03.02.02
A.-M. Vali-Nasab, A. Mir, and R. Talebzadeh, Opt. Quantum Electron., 51, 161 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-019-1881-1
S. Swarnakar, S. Kumar, and S. Sharma, J. Comput. Electron., 17, 1124 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10825-018-1177-x
S. Naghizade and H. Saghaei, Opt. Quantum Electron., 53, 154 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-02805-2
S. Dey and S. Mukhopadhyay, Electron. Lett., 20, 1375 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1049/el.2017.2500
M. Mandal, I. Goswami, and S. Mukhopadhyay, J. Opt., 52, 145 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-022-00869-1
S. Dey and S. Mukhopadhyay, J. Opt., 48, 520 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-019-00568-4
M. Mandal and S. Mukhopadhyay, IET Optoelectron., 15, 52 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1049/ote2.12008
S. Dey and S. Mukhopadhyay, IET Optoelectron., 12, 176 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-opt.2017.0138
M. Hassangholizadeh-Kashtiban, H. Alipour-Banaei, M. B. Tavakoli, and R. Sabbaghi-Nadooshan, J. Comput. Electron., 19, 1281 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10825-020-01508-3
S. Dey, P. De, and S. Mukhopadhyay, Optoelectron. Lett., 15, 317 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11801-019-8170-x
D. Mandal, S. Mandal, and S. K. Garai, Opt. Laser Technol., 72, 33 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2015.03.010
M. Hassangholizadeh-Kashtiban, H. Alipour-Banaei, M. B. Tavakoli, and R. Sabbaghi-Nadooshan, Appl. Opt., 59, 635 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.379613
B. Sarkar and S. Mukhopadhyay, J. Opt., 46, 143 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-017-0398-x
M. N. Sarfaraj and S. Mukhopadhyay, Optoelectron. Lett., 17, 746 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11801-021-1037-y
P. De, S. Ranwa, and S. Mukhopadhyay, IET Optoelectron., 15, 139 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1049/ote2.12029
P. De, S. Ranwa, and S. Mukhopadhyay, Opt. Laser Technol., 152, 108141 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.108141
S. C. Xavier, K. Arunachalam, E. Caroline, and W. Johnson, Opt. Eng., 52, 025201 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.52.2.025201
S. Rathi, S. Swarnakar, and S. Kumar, J. Opt. Commun., 40, 363 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0084
V. Fakouri-Farid and A. Andalib, Optik, 172, 241 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.06.153
S. Salemian and S. Mohammadnejad, Am. J. Appl. Sci., 5, 1144 (2008).
R. K. Ramakrishnan and S. Talabatulla, Proc. SPIE, 7420, 74200R (2009); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.824192
S. Gasparoni, J.-W. Pan, P. Walther, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 93, 020504 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.020504
S. Saha, S. Biswas, and S. Mukhopadhyay, J. Opt., 51, 357 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-021-00786-9
R. Moradi, Quantum Electron., 51, 119 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-019-1831-y
N. Khajeheian, J. Jamali, M. Fatehi-Dindarlou, and M. Taghizadeh, Optik, 245, 167751 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.167751
K. Singh, G. Kaur, and M. L. Singh, Photon. Netw. Commun., 34, 111 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-016-0677-5
H. Lee, H. Yoon, Y. Kim, and J. Jeong, IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 35, 1213 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1109/3.777223
S. H. Kim, J. H. Kim, J. W. Choi, et al., Opt. Express, 14, 10693 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.14.010693
K. Heydarian, A. Nosratpour, and M. Razaghi, Opt. Laser Technol., 156, 108531 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.108531
L. E. Pedraza Caballero and O. P. Vilela Neto, J. Integr. Circuits Syst., 16, 1 (2021).
S. K. Garai, J. Mod. Opt., 57, 419 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1080/09500341003692989
A. Nosratpour, M. Razaghi, and G. Darvish, Opt. Commun., 433, 104 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2018.09.062
K. Heydarian, A. Nosratpour, and M. Razaghi, Opt. Eng., 60, 047104 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.60.4.047104
A. Kotb, E. K. Zoiros, and W. Li, Opt. Quant. Electron., 54, 827 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-04160-2
A. Kotb and C. Guo, Opt. Quant. Electron., 52, 89 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-2225-x
A. Kotb and K. E. Zoiros, Opt. Commun., 402, 511 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2017.06.050
A. Casas Bedoya, P. Domachuk, C. Grillet, et al., Opt. Express, 20, 11046 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.011046
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Dey, A., Lakshan, S. & Mukhopadhyay, S. Development of Nano-Photonic Structure for Implementation of Frequency Encoded Two-State Pauli X Gate. J Russ Laser Res 44, 458–469 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10946-023-10153-7
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10946-023-10153-7