Abstract
We show how to optimize design parameters for different electro-optical modulators where the effective refractive index plays an essential role in the evaluation of the bandwidth structure. We investigate the effect of operating parameters on the switching, modulating voltage, device performance index, and optical bandwidth for different material-based electro-optical modulators and evaluate the transmission bit rate using nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) coding transmission technique. As well as lithium niobate (LiNbO3), gallium arsenide (GaAs), and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polymer EOMs have been developed for extensive use in high-speed- and high-transmission-performance optical-fibertransmission systems. This is because they offer the advantages of modulation exceeding multi-Gbit/s combined with a low driving voltage.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
H. Kim and A. H. Gnauck, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 14, 298 (2002).
R. Soref, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., 12, 1678 (2006).
A. Liu, R. Jones, L. Liao, et al., Nature, 427, 615 (2004).
L. Liao, D. Samara-Rubio, M. Morse, et al., Opt. Exp., 13, 3129 (2005).
L. Gu, W. Jiang, X. Chen, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, 071105–1 (2007).
K. Tsuzuki, H. Yasaka, T. Ishibashi, et al., “10 Gbit/s, 100 km SMF transmission using an InP-based n-i-n Mach–Zehnder modulator with a driving voltage of 1.0 Vpp,” in: Proceedings of the Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Postdeadline Papers (2004).
K. Tsuzuki, T. Ishibashi, T. Ito, et al., Electron. Lett., 39, 1464 (2003).
K. Tsuzuki, T. Ishibashi, T. Ito, et al., “1.6 V driven 40Gbit/s n-i-n Mach–Zehnder modulator based on InP substrate,” in: Proceedings of the 9th Optoelectronics and Communication Conference (2004), Vol. 15E3-2, p. 706.
K. Tsuzuki, T. Ishibashi, T. Ito, et al., IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 17, 46 (2005).
A. N. Z. Rashed, A. E.-N. A. Mohammed, M. A. Metawe’e, and A. E. M. El-Nabawy, Int. J. Multidisciplin. Sci. Eng. (IJMSE), 2, 1 (2011).
Y. Cui and P. Berini, J. Lightwave Technol., 24, 2368 (2006).
J. Shin, S. Wu, and N. Dagli, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 19, 1362 (2007).
A. N. Z. Rashed, J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci., 9, 522 (2012).
B.-J. Seo and H. R. Fetterman, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 18, 10 (2006).
A. E.-N. A. Mohammed, A. E.-F. A. Saad, and A. N. Z. Rashed, Int. J. Phys. Sci., 4, 205 (2009).
A. E.-N. A. Mohammed, A. E.-F. A. Saad, and A. N. Z. Rashed, Int. J. Eng. Technol. (IJET), 1, 131 (2009).
H. Tazawa and W. H. Steier, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 18, 211 (2006).
G. Xu, Z. Liu, J. Ma, et al., Opt. Exp., 13, 7380 (2005).
M. Michalak, Y. Kuo, F. Nash, et al., IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 18, 1207 (2006).
A. N. Z. Rashed, A. E.-N. A. Mohammed, M. M. E. El-Halawany, and M. S. F. Tabour, Nonlinear Opt. Quantum Opt., 44, 41 (2012).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rashed, A.N.Z., Saad, A.EF.A. Different Electro-Optical Modulators for High Transmission-Data Rates and Signal-Quality Enhancement. J Russ Laser Res 34, 336–345 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10946-013-9359-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10946-013-9359-2