Abstract.
A 24-item measure, the Career Development Self-Efficacy Inventory (CD-SEI), was developed to assess career development self-efficacy among adolescents in Hong Kong. The CD-SEI covered six domains representing competencies needed by high school students transiting from school to work in Hong Kong. The confirmatory factor analyses of the responses from 6776 Grades 10–13 students showed that the six primary factors with one higher order factor model was the best fit to the data, though the one general factor model yielded an adequate fit. Reliability analyses showed that the total scale and subscales were internally consistent. The data suggested that Hong Kong adolescents had some, but not strong confidence in their career development. Students with plans to study at a university had more confidence in their career development than those who did not have such plans. This is the first study to develop and validate a career development self-efficacy measure for Chinese adolescents. Issues related to comprehensive guidance programming and assessment instrument development from a cross-cultural perspective were discussed.
Résumé. Construction d’un instrument de mesure de l’auto-efficacité du développement vocationnel pour adolescents chinois de Hong Kong.
On a construit une échelle de 24 items, appelée Career Development Self-Efficacy Inventory (CD-SEI) (Inventaire de l’Auto-efficacité de Développement Vocationnel (IAE-DV)) pour évaluer l’auto-efficacité du développement vocationnel chez des adolescents chinois de Hong Kong. La CD-SEI couvre six domaines, qui représentent les compétences dont ont besoin les étudiants des hautes écoles qui sortent de l’école pour entrer sur le marché du travail à Hong Kong. Les analyses factorielles confirmatoires des réponses de 6776 étudiants des niveaux 10–13 montrent que c’est un modèle à six facteurs primaires avec un facteur de premier ordre qui s’ajuste le mieux aux données, bien qu’un modèle à un seul facteur général procure un ajustement satisfaisant. Les analyses de fidélité attestent de la consistance interne de l’échelle totale et des sous-échelles. Les données suggèrent que les adolescents de Hong Kong n’ont qu’une confiance relative dans leurs possibilités de développement vocationnel. Les étudiants qui ont décidé d’étudier à l’université ont d’avantage confiance en leur développement vocationnel que ceux qui n’ont de tels desseins. Cette étude est la première tentative pour développer et valider une mesure de l’auto-efficacité du développement vocationnel chez des adolescents chinois. On discute les problèmes liés à un programme général d’orientation et à l’élaboration d’un instrument de mesure dans une perspective interculturelle.
Zusammenfassung. Entwicklung eines Instruments zur Selbsteinschätzung eigener Kompetenzen zur Laufbahnplanung für chinesische Jugendliche in Hongkong.
In Hongkong wurde der ,,Fragebogen zur Selbsteinschätzung eigener Kompetenzen für die Laufbahnplanung (Career Development Self-Efficacy Inventory – CD-SEI)“ eine Bewertungsskala mit 24 Kriterien entwickelt, mit der Jugendliche die eigenen Kompetenzen für die Laufbahnentwicklung bewerten können. Der Fragebogen deckt 6 Bereiche ab
Laufbahnplanung, geschlechtsspezifische Aspekte der Berufswahl, Wahl der Ausbildung, Bewerbung, Methoden der Arbeitsuche, Entwicklung von beruflichen Zielen; damit werden diejenigen Kompetenzen erfasst, die in Hongkong von AbsolventInnen des Gymnasiums (High School) am Übergang in das Beschäftigungssystem benötigt werden. Die Validitätsanalyse auf der Grundlage der Antworten von 6776 SchülerInnen der Klassen 10–13 ergab, dass sich die genauesten Ergebnisse bei Anwendung eines Modells ergaben, dass alle 6 Bereiche unter Betonung eines dieser Faktoren einbezog, wobei allerdings ein Validitätsmodell, dass nur diesen einen herausragenden Faktor einbezog, bereits angemessene Näherungswerte ergab. Die Reliabilitätsanalyse ergab, dass der Gesamtfragebogen und die Teilfragebögen in sich konsistent sind. Die Ergebnisse führen zu der Vermutung, dass Jugendliche zwar ein gewisses, aber kein sehr ausgeprägtes Selbstvertrauen im Hinblick auf ihre Laufbahnentwicklung haben. Jugendliche, die ein Hochschulstudium planten, zeigten ein ausgeprägteres Selbstvertrauen als die anderen Jugendlichen, die kein Studium planten. Dies ist die erste Untersuchung mit dem Ziel, einen derartigen Selbsteinschätzungsfragebogen für chinesische Jugendliche zu entwickeln und zu evaluieren. Der Artikel diskutiert ebenfalls Aspekte einer interkulturellen Perspektive im Zusammenhang mit der Entwicklung von umfassenden Beratungsprogrammen sowie von Beurteilungsinstrumenten.
Resumen. Elaboración de un Instrumento de Auto-Eficacia en el Desarrollo de la Carrera de Adolescentes Chinos en Hong Kong.
Se ha desarrollado un instrumento de medida con 24 items, el Inventario de Auto-Eficacia en el Desarrollo de la Carrera (IAE-DC), para evaluar la auto-eficacia en el desarrollo de la carrera entre adolescentes de Hong Kong. El IAE-DC abarca seis dimensiones que representan las competencias que los alumnos de secundaria necesitan en su tránsito de la escuela al mundo del trabajo en Hong Kong. Los análisis factoriales realizados a partir de las respuestas de 6776 estudiantes de los cursos 10°–13° demostraron que lo que mejor se ajustaba a los datos eran seis factores primarios con un modelo factorial de orden superior, aunque sólo este modelo factorial general también se ajustaba adecuadamente. Los análisis de fiabilidad confirmaron la consistencia interna de las escalas y subescalas. Los resultados sugirieron que los adolescentes de Hong Kong sentían cierta seguridad, aunque no demasiada, respecto al desarrollo de su carrera. Los estudiantes que tienen decidido ir a la universidad mostraban mayor confianza en su desarrollo profesional que aquellos que no han planificado nada. Este es el primer estudio en el que se ha elaborado y validado un instrumento de medida de la auto-eficacia en el desarrollo de la carrera para adolescentes chinos. Se discuten aspectos relacionados con los programas comprensivos de orientación y con el desarrollo de instrumentos de diagnóstico desde una perspectiva cross-cultural.
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YUEN, M., GYSBERS, N.C., CHAN, R.M.C. et al. Developing a Career Development Self-Efficacy Instrument for Chinese Adolescents in Hong Kong. Int J Educ Vocat Guidance 5, 57–73 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-005-2126-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-005-2126-3