Abstract
Suspensions of negatively charged cellulose nanocrystal are obtained by sulfuric acid hydrolysis of cotton cellulose. Within a specific concentration range, the suspensions spontaneously phase separate to give isotropic and chiral nematic phases. Added anionic dyes of varying charge cause separation of an isotropic phase from the highly concentrated, completely anisotropic suspensions; these dyes have a much greater effect on the suspensions than the equivalent ionic strength of a simple 1:1 electrolyte (sodium chloride). Neutral, cationic and cellulose-binding anionic dyes do not cause phase separation in the anisotropic cellulose suspensions.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Abbreviations
- AO:
-
Acridine Orange hydrochloride hydrate
- AR 66:
-
Acid Red 66
- AR 112:
-
Acid Red 112
- CB:
-
Cibacron Blue 3G-A®
- DB 1 :
-
Direct Blue 1
- DR 2:
-
Direct Red 2
- H:
-
Hematoxylin
- PhB:
-
Phloxine B
- RR 8:
-
Reactive Red 8
References
Beck-Candanedo S., Roman M., Gray D.G. (2005) Effect of reaction conditions on the properties and behavior of wood cellulose nanocrystal suspensions. Biomacromolecules 6: 1048–1054
Beck-Candanedo, S., Viet, D. and Gray, D.G. 2006. Induced phase separation in low ionic strength cellulose nanocrystal suspensions containing high molecular weight blue dextrans. (in press)
Birkedal-Hansen H. (1973) Eosin staining of gelatine. Histochemie 36: 73–87
Böhme H.-J., Kopperschlager G., Schulz J., Hofmann E. (1972) Affinity chromatography of phosphofructokinase using Cibacron blue F3G-A. J. Chromatog. 69: 209–214
Carroll B., Cheung H.C. (1962) On the interaction of dyes and polysaccharides. J. Phys. Chem. 66: 2585–2591
Dong X.M., Gray D.G. (1997) Effect of counterions on ordered phase formation in suspensions of charged rodlike cellulose crystallites. Langmuir 13: 2404–2409
Dong X.M., Kimura T., Revol J.-F., Gray D.G. (1996) Effects of ionic strength on the isotropic-chiral nematic phase transition of suspensions of cellulose crystallites. Langmuir 12: 2076–2082
Dong X.M., Revol J.-F., Gray D.G. (1998) Effect of microcrystallite preparation conditions on the formation of colloid crystals of cellulose. Cellulose 5: 19–32
Edgar C.D., Gray D.G. (2002) Influence of dextran on the phase behaviour of suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals. Macromolecules 35: 7400–7406
Federici M.M., Chock P.B., Stadtman E.R. (1985) Interaction of Cibacron Blue F3GA with glutamine synthetase: Use of the dye as a conformational probe. 1. Studies using unfractionated dye samples. Biochemistry 24: 647–660
Giles C.H. (1989) Dye-fibre bonds and their investigation. In: Johnson A. (eds), The Theory of Coloration of Textiles. Society of Dyers and Colourists, Bradford, UK, pp. 97–168
Inglesby M.K., Zeronian S.H. (1996) The accessibility of cellulose as determined by dye adsorption. Cellulose (London) 3: 165–181
Israelachvili J., Pashley R. (1982) The hydrophobic interaction is long range, decaying exponentially with distance. Nature 300: 341–342
Kissa E. (1977) Quantitative analysis. In: K. Venkataraman (ed.), The Analytical Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes. John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 519–553
Li J., Revol J.-F., Naranjo E., Marchessault R.H. (1996) Effect of electrostatic interaction on phase separation behaviour of chitin crystallite suspensions. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 18: 177–187
Lipic B., Bravar M. (1972) Beating of bleached beech sulfite pulp in the presence of Congo Red Dye and its influence on the formation of the paper sheet. Papier (Bingen, Germany) 26:739–749
Marchessault R.H., Morehead F.F., Walter N.M. (1959) Liquid crystal systems from fibrillar polysaccharides. Nature 184: 632–633
Mayes A.G., Eisenthal R., Hubble J. (1992) Binding isotherms for soluble immobilized affinity ligands from spectral titration. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 40: 1263–1270
Nordmeier E. (1993) Static and dynamic light-scattering solution behavior of pullulan and dextran in comparison. J. Phys. Chem. 97: 5770–5785
Ogawa K., Hatano M. (1978) Circular dichroism of the complex of a (1–3)-β-D-glucan with Congo Red. Carbohydr. Res. 67: 527–535
Ogawa K., Tsurugi J. (1973) The dependence of the conformation of a (1–3)-β-D-glucan on chain-length in alkaline solution. Carbohydr. Res. 29: 397–403
Onsager L. (1949) The effect of shape on the interactions of colloid particles. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 51: 627–659
Revol J.F., Godbout L., Dong X.M., Gray D.G., Chanzy H. and Maret G. (1994) Chiral nematic suspensions of cellulose crystallites; phase separation and magnetic field orientation. Liq. Cryst. 16: 127–134
Revol J.-F., Bradford H., Giasson J., Marchessault R.H. and Gray D.G. (1992) Helicoidal self-ordering of cellulose microfibrils in aqueous suspension. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 14: 170–172
Stroobants A., Lekkerkerker H.N.W., Odjik T. (1986) Effect of electrostatic interaction on the liquid crystal phase transition in solutions of rodlike polyelectrolytes. Macromolecules 19: 2232–2238
Tang M., Zhang R., Bowyer A., Eisenthal R., Hubble J. (2004) NAD-sensitive hydrogel for the release of macromolecules. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 87: 791–796
Trisnadi J.A., Bössler H.M., Schulz R.C. (1974) Circular dichroism of dissolved polysaccharide–dye complexes. Colloid Polymer Sci 252: 222–233
Wood P.J. (1980) Specificity in the interaction of direct dyes with polysaccharides. Carbohydr. Res. 85: 271–287
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Beck-Candanedo, S., Viet, D. & Gray, D.G. Induced phase separation in cellulose nanocrystal suspensions containing ionic dye species. Cellulose 13, 629–635 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-006-9084-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-006-9084-x