Abstract
Predecessor rain events (PREs) in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region associated with the South China Sea and Northwest Pacific Ocean (SCS-WNPO) tropical cyclones (TCs) are investigated during the period from 2010 to 2019. Results indicate that approximately 10% of TCs making landfall in China produce PREs over the YRD region; however, they are seldom forecasted. PREs often occur over the YRD region when TCs begin to be active in the SCS-WNPO with westward paths, whilst the cold air is still existing or beginning to be present. PREs are more likely to peak in June and September. The distances between the PRE centers and the parent TC range from 900 to 1700 km. The median value of rain amounts and the median lifetime of PREs is approximately 200 mm and 24 h, respectively. Composite results suggest that PREs form in the equatorward jet-entrance region of the upper-level westerly jet (WJ), where a 925-hPa equivalent potential temperature ridge is located east of a 500-hPa trough. Deep moisture is transported from the TC vicinity to the remote PREs region. The ascent of this deep moist air in front of the 500-hPa trough and frontogenesis beneath the equatorward entrance region of the WJ is advantageous for the occurrence of PREs in the YRD region. The upper-level WJ may be affected by the subtropical high and westerly trough in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, and the occurrence of PREs may favor the maintenance of the upper-level WJ. The upper-level outflow of TCs in the SCS plays a secondary role.
摘要
本文对长三角地区 2010–19 年期间与南海-西北太平洋台风相关的远距离暴雨个例进行研究. 结果表明, 登陆中国大约 10% 的热带气旋会在长三角地区造成远距离暴雨, 而这些暴雨过程较难被准确预报. 长三角地区的远距离暴雨通常发生在有台风活动且冷空气仍然活跃的 6 月或者有台风活动且冷空气开始活跃的 9 月. 长三角地区远距离暴雨中心和台风中心的距离通常为 900 到 1700 km. 长三角地区台风远距离暴雨雨量的中位数为 200 mm, 而降水持续时间的中位数为 24 小时. 合成分析结果表明长三角地区的台风远距离暴雨主要发生在高空急流入口区的右侧, 该处为 925 hPa 假相当位温的脊线所在地且位于 500 hPa 槽前. 低层有来自台风周边的水汽输送至长三角台风远距离暴雨区. 高空急流入口区右侧的高空辐散和叠加在其下方的锋生有利于 500 hPa 槽前暖湿气流的抬升. 本文研究发现高空西风急流主要受西风槽和西北太平洋副热带高压的影响, 长三角地区的台风远距离暴雨的发生有利于高空急流的维持, 南海-西北太平洋台风的高层出流在维持高空急流中的作用是次要的.
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Acknowledgements
The data used in this study are available at the training center of atmospheric sciences of Zhejiang University Best track data which can be accessed at http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/besttrack.html. NCEP FNL data with 1°×1° horizontal resolution were obtained from the NCAR UCAR Research Data Archive Computational and Information System Lab (https://rda.ucar.edu/). Hourly rainfall data were downloaded from the China Meteorological Data Service Center (http://data.cma.cn/data/cdcdetail/dataCode/SEVP_CLI_CHN_MERGE_CMP_PRE_HOUR_GRID_0.10.html) in June 2021. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42105004, 41930967, 42192554, and 42105011), the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China (Grant No. LQ20D050001), and the Scientific Research Foundation of Hangzhou Normal University (Grant No. 2020QDL015).
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Article Highlights
• Predecessor rain events in the Yangtze River Delta region related to the South China Sea and Northwest Pacific Ocean TCs are examined.
• PREs in the Yangtze River Delta region occur in the equatorward jet-entrance region of the upper-level westerly jet along the low-level baroclinic zone.
• Deep moisture from a tropical cyclone in the vicinity of a 500-hPa trough favors the occurrence of PREs in the Yangtze River Delta region.
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Xu, H., Li, X., Yin, J. et al. Predecessor Rain Events in the Yangtze River Delta Region Associated with South China Sea and Northwest Pacific Ocean (SCS-WNPO) Tropical Cyclones. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 40, 1021–1042 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-022-2069-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-022-2069-3