Abstract
A better knowledge of aerosol properties is of great significance for elucidating the complex mechanisms behind frequently occurring haze pollution events. In this study, we examine the temporal and spatial variations in both PM1 and its major chemical constituents using three-year field measurements that were collected in six representative regions in China between 2012 and 2014. Our results show that both PM1 and its chemical compositions varied significantly in space and time, with high PM1 loadings mainly observed in the winter. By comparing chemical constituents between clean and polluted episodes, we find that the elevated PM1 mass concentration during pollution events should be largely attributable to significant increases in organic matter (OM) and inorganic aerosols like sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium (SNA), indicative of the critical role of primary emissions and secondary aerosols in elevating PM1 pollution levels. The ratios of PM1/PM2.5 are found to be generally high in Shanghai and Guangzhou, while relatively low ratios are seen in Xi’an and Chengdu, indicating anthropogenic emissions were more likely to accumulate in forms of finer particles. With respect to the relative importance of chemical components and meteorological factors quantified via statistical modeling practices, we find that primary emissions and secondary aerosols were the two leading factors contributing to PM1 variations, though meteorological factors also played important roles in regulating the dispersion of atmospheric PM.
摘 要
了解大气气溶胶理化特性对于阐明频繁发生的灰霾污染的机理过程具有重要的理论和现实意义。本研究基于中科院 2012–2014 年于我国乌鲁木齐、青海湖、西安、成都、上海以及广州等地区开展的外场气溶胶观测实验数据,分析了该六大典型城市的PM1及其化学组分的时空变化特征。结果显示:PM1 及其化学组分存在显著的时空分异特征,尤以冬季污染浓度较高。通过对比不同污染态势下PM1 中的化学组分差异,可以发现污染时段内 PM1 浓度的升高主要伴随着有机组分及二次无机气溶胶浓度的显著增加,表明一次排放和二次气溶胶生成是造成 PM1污染的主要原因。较于西安和成都,上海和广州地区的PM1和PM2.5 浓度间的比例系数(PM1/ PM2.5)整体较高,表明上述两个区域内灰霾污染多以细模态粒子占主导。为进一步明晰各化学组分对 PM1 浓度变化的贡献,本研究结合当地气象参数,构建了用于估算各城市的 PM1 浓度的随机森林模型,并借此量化了各组分及气象参数的相对重要性。结果表明直接排放和二次气溶胶生成仍是影响PM1 浓度变化的主导因素。
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to three anonymous reviewers and editors for their copious and constructive comments and suggestions. This work was financially supported by National Key R&D Plan (NO. 2017YFC0210000), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO. 41701413), National Key R&D Plan (No. 2017YFC0212703) and Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (NO. XDB05020401). Meteorological data were acquired from the Meteorological Information Comprehensive Analysis and Process System (air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed), and ERA-Interim reanalysis (boundary layer height) that was provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts.
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Article Highlights
• PM1 and its chemical compositions in China varied significantly in space and time.
• PM1 loading in China was mainly regulated by primary emissions and secondary aerosols.
• Meteorological conditions played important roles in modulating PM1 loading in Shanghai.
• PM pollution in Shanghai and Guangzhou were mainly caused by submicron particles.
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Bai, K., Wu, C., Li, J. et al. Characteristics of Chemical Speciation in PM1 in Six Representative Regions in China. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 38, 1101–1114 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-020-0224-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-020-0224-2