Abstract
Gold-cluster dianions \(\mathrm{Au}_{n}^{2-}\), n=21–31, have been investigated by use of multi-collisional excitation in a Penning trap. At low excitation energies the corresponding singly charged cluster anions have been observed, but no fragments, which indicates the emission of one electron. The binding energy of the surplus electron is deduced from the dianion yield observed as a function of the collision energy by use of a statistical model based on detailed balance. The resulting binding energies of the second electrons are in good agreement with a simple liquid-drop model with empirical corrections including the Coulomb barrier. The double difference of these energies shows a strong odd–even staggering which is compared to the behavior of the electron affinity of neutral gold clusters.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
R.A. Millikan, Philos. Mag. 19, 209 (1910)
R.A. Millikan, Phys. Rev. 32, 349 (1911)
R.A. Millikan, Phys. Rev. 2, 109 (1913)
U. Landman, R.B. Barnett, C.L. Cleveland, H.-P. Cheng, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 6, 3623 (1992)
O. Echt, K. Sattler, E. Recknagel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, 1121 (1981)
W.D. Knight, K. Clemenger, W.A. de Heer, W.A. Saunders, M.Y. Chou, M.L. Cohen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 2141 (1984)
I. Katakuse, T. Ichihara, Y. Fujita, T. Matsuo, T. Sakurai, H. Matsuda, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Process. 67, 229 (1985)
I. Katakuse, T. Ichihara, Y. Fujita, T. Matsuo, T. Sakurai, H. Matsuda, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Process. 74, 33 (1986)
A. Selinger, P. Schnabel, W. Wiese, M.P. Irion, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 94, 1278 (1990)
I. Rabin, C. Jackschath, W. Schulze, Z. Phys. D 19, 153 (1991)
S. Krückeberg, G. Dietrich, K. Lützenkirchen, L. Schweikhard, C. Walther, J. Ziegler, Eur. Phys. J. D 9, 169 (1999)
A. Herlert, S. Krückeberg, L. Schweikhard, M. Vogel, C. Walther, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 106, 179 (2000)
L. Schweikhard, K. Hansen, A. Herlert, M.D. Herráiz Lablanca, G. Marx, M. Vogel, Hyperfine Interact. 146–147, 275 (2003)
C. Yannouleas, U. Landman, Chem. Phys. Lett. 210, 437 (1993)
M.K. Scheller, R.C. Compton, L.S. Cederbaum, Science 270, 1160 (1995)
A. Dreuw, L.S. Cederbaum, Chem. Rev. 102, 181 (2002)
R.L. Hettich, R.N. Compton, R.H. Ritchie, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 1242 (1991)
P.A. Limbach, L. Schweikhard, K.A. Cowen, M.T. McDermott, A.G. Marshall, J.V. Coe, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 6795 (1991)
R.N. Compton, A.A. Tuinman, C.E. Klots, M.R. Pederson, D.C. Patton, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 4367 (1997)
O. Hampe, M. Neumaier, M.N. Blom, M.M. Kappes, Chem. Phys. Lett. 354, 303 (2002)
R. Middleton, J. Klein, Phys. Rev. A 60, 3515 (1999)
C.-F. Ding, X.-B. Wang, L.-S. Wang, J. Chem. Phys. 110, 3635 (1999)
X.-B. Wang, L.-S. Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 3402 (1999)
J. Friedrich, P. Weis, J. Kaller, R.L. Whetten, M.M. Kappes, Eur. Phys. J. D 9, 269 (1999)
A. Herlert, S. Krückeberg, L. Schweikhard, M. Vogel, C. Walther, Phys. Scr. T 80, 200 (1999)
L. Schweikhard, A. Herlert, S. Krückeberg, M. Vogel, C. Walther, Philos. Mag., B 79, 1343 (1999)
C. Yannouleas, U. Landman, A. Herlert, L. Schweikhard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 2996 (2001)
A. Herlert, L. Schweikhard, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 229, 19 (2003)
A. Herlert, L. Schweikhard, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 252, 151 (2006)
L. Schweikhard, K. Hansen, A. Herlert, M.D. Herráiz Lablanca, G. Marx, M. Vogel, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 219, 363 (2002)
S. Krückeberg, G. Dietrich, K. Lützenkirchen, L. Schweikhard, C. Walther, J. Ziegler, J. Chem. Phys. 110, 7216 (1999)
J. Ziegler, G. Dietrich, S. Krückeberg, K. Lützenkirchen, L. Schweikhard, C. Walther, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 202, 47 (2000)
S. Krückeberg, L. Schweikhard, J. Ziegler, G. Dietrich, K. Lützenkirchen, C. Walther, J. Chem. Phys. 114, 2955 (2001)
C.F. von Weizsäcker, Z. Phys. 96, 431 (1935)
M. Seidl, M. Brack, Ann. Phys. 245, 275 (1996)
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 71st edn., ed. by D.R. Lide (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1990)
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 74th edn., ed. by D.R. Lide (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1993), pp. 12–105
J.D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, 2nd edn. (Wiley, New York, 1975), pp. 58–60
C. Yannouleas, U. Landman, Chem. Phys. Lett. 217, 175 (1994)
S. Tomita, J.U. Andersen, H. Cederquist, B. Concina, O. Echt, J.S. Forster, K. Hansen, B.A. Huber, P. Hvelplund, J. Jensen, B. Liu, B. Manil, L. Maunoury, S. Brøndsted Nielsen, J. Rangama, H.T. Schmidt, H. Zettergren, J. Chem. Phys. 124, 024310 (2006)
X.-B. Wang, H.-K. Woo, X. Huang, M.M. Kappes, L.-S. Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 143002 (2006)
A. Herlert, L. Schweikhard, M. Vogel, Eur. Phys. J. D 16, 65 (2001)
K.J. Taylor, C.L. Pettiette-Hall, O. Cheshnovsky, R.E. Smalley, J. Chem. Phys. 96, 3319 (1992)
M. Manninen, J. Mansikka-aho, H. Nishioka, Y. Takahashi, Z. Phys. D 31, 259 (1994)
L. Schweikhard, S. Krückeberg, K. Lützenkirchen, C. Walther, Eur. Phys. J. D 9, 15 (1999)
H. Weidele, U. Frenzel, T. Leisner, D. Kreisle, Z. Phys. D 20, 411 (1991)
H.-U. Hasse, St. Becker, G. Dietrich, N. Klisch, H.-J. Kluge, M. Lindinger, K. Lützenkirchen, L. Schweikhard, J. Ziegler, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Process. 132, 181 (1994)
C. Walther, G. Dietrich, M. Lindinger, K. Lützenkirchen, L. Schweikhard, J. Ziegler, Chem. Phys. Lett. 256, 77 (1996); erratum: Chem. Phys. Lett. 262, 668 (1996)
U. Hild, G. Dietrich, S. Krückeberg, M. Lindinger, K. Lützenkirchen, L. Schweikhard, C. Walther, J. Ziegler, Phys. Rev. A 57, 2786 (1998)
C. Walther, G. Dietrich, W. Dostal, S. Krückeberg, K. Lützenkirchen, L. Schweikhard, Eur. Phys. J. D 9, 455 (1999)
L.S. Brown, G. Gabrielse, Rev. Mod. Phys. 58, 233 (1986)
F.G. Major, V.N. Gheorghe, G. Werth, Charged Particle Traps (Springer, Berlin, 2005), pp. 51–84
G. Savard, St. Becker, G. Bollen, H.-J. Kluge, R.B. Moore, Th. Otto, L. Schweikhard, H. Stolzenberg, U. Wiess, Phys. Lett. A 158, 247 (1991)
S. Guan, A.G. Marshall, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Process. 157–158, 5 (1996)
A. Herlert, R. Jertz, J. Alonso Otamendi, A.J. González Martínez, L. Schweikhard, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 218, 217 (2002)
L. Schweikhard, A.G. Marshall, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 4, 433 (1993)
A. Gustafsson, A. Herlert, F. Wenander, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 626–627, 8 (2011)
A. Herlert, Ch. Borgmann, D. Fink, Ch. Holm Christensen, M. Kowalska, S. Naimi, Hyperfine Interact. 199, 231 (2011). doi:10.1007/s10751-011-0316-6
L. Schweikhard, K. Hansen, A. Herlert, G. Marx, M. Vogel, Eur. Phys. J. D 24, 137 (2003)
A. Herlert, L. Schweikhard, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 234, 161 (2004)
A. Herlert, L. Schweikhard, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 249–250, 215 (2006)
E. Uggerud, P.J. Derrick, J. Phys. Chem. 95, 1430 (1991)
H.J. Cooper, P.J. Derrick, H.D.B. Jenkins, E. Uggerud, J. Phys. Chem. 97, 5443 (1993)
M.F. Jarrold, E.C. Honea, J. Phys. Chem. 95, 9181 (1991)
K. Hansen, A. Herlert, L. Schweikhard, M. Vogel, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 227, 87 (2003)
Y. Shi, V.A. Spasov, K.M. Ervin, J. Chem. Phys. 111, 938 (1999)
V.A. Spasov, T. Hong Lee, J.P. Maberry, K.M. Ervin, J. Chem. Phys. 110, 5208 (1999)
C. Jackschath, I. Rabin, W. Schulze, Z. Phys. D 22, 517 (1992)
C. Jackschath, I. Rabin, W. Schulze, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 96, 1200 (1992)
W.A. de Heer, Rev. Mod. Phys. 65, 611 (1993)
D. Löffler, J.M. Weber, M.M. Kappes, J. Chem. Phys. 123, 224308 (2005)
B. Concina, M. Neumaier, O. Hampe, M.M. Kappes, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 252, 110 (2006)
B. Concina, M. Neumaier, O. Hampe, M.M. Kappes, J. Chem. Phys. 128, 134306 (2008)
X.-B. Wang, L.-S. Wang, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 60, 105 (2009)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Herlert, A., Schweikhard, L. Electron binding energies from collisional activation of metal-cluster dianions. Appl. Phys. B 107, 1131–1143 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-011-4792-9
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-011-4792-9