Abstract
Mixture fraction measurements in a jet-in-cross flow configuration at high pressures (15 bar) and temperatures (above 1000 K) were performed using planar laser induced fluorescence of nitric oxide (NO-PLIF) as trace species. The goal was the evaluation of this tracer LIF technique for the characterization of the mixing of fuel and hot exhaust gas in the mixing channel. The fuel (natural gas (NG) or H2/N2/NG mixture) along with the tracer were injected into the crossflow of the exhaust gas and PLIF measurements were performed in different planes. In order to relate the measured NO-LIF signal to fuel concentration and mixture fraction, effects of pressure, temperature and species concentration were taken into account. Numerical calculations and spectroscopic simulations that mimic the experimental conditions were performed to identify excitation schemes that give optimum correlations between the NO-LIF signal and the mixture fraction. The measured NO-PLIF images were transformed into mixture fraction plots using the computed correlations. The paper reports on the experimental challenges encountered during the measurements and the steps taken to overcome those difficulties. Examples of mixture fraction distributions are presented and discussed. The paper concludes with a detailed analysis on the accuracy of the measured mixture fraction values.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
J. Wolfrum, Proc. Combust. Inst. 27, 1 (1998)
K. Kohse-Höinghaus, J. Jeffries (eds.), Applied Combustion Diagnostics (Taylor & Francis, New York, 2002)
C. Orlemann, C. Schulz, J. Wolfrum, Chem. Phys. Lett. 307, 15 (1999)
J. Fielding, J.H. Frank, S.A. Kaiser, M.D. Smooke, M.B. Long, Proc. Combust. Inst. 29, 2703 (2002)
J. Kazenwadel, W. Koban, T. Kunzelmann, C. Schulz, Chem. Phys. Lett. 345, 259 (2001)
R. Barlow, Proc. Combust. Inst. 31, 49 (2007)
W. Meier, P. Weigand, X.R. Duan, R. Giezendanner-Thoben, Combust. Flame 150, 2 (2007)
J.A. Sutton, J.F. Driscoll, Exp. Fluids 41, 603 (2006)
J.A. Sutton, J.F. Driscoll, Proc. Combust. Inst. 31, 1487 (2007)
T.J. McIntyre, H. Kleine, A.F.P. Houwing, Aeronaut. J. 111, 1 (2007)
T. Rossmann, M.G. Mungal, R.K. Hanson, Appl. Opt. 42, 6682 (2003)
C. Schulz, V. Sick, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 31, 75 (2005)
A.O. Vyrodov, J. Heinze, U.E. Meier, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 53, 277 (1995)
J.R. Reisel, N.M. Laurendeau, Combust. Sci. Technol. 98, 137 (1994)
T. Lee, W. Bessler, H. Kronemayer, C. Schulz, J.B. Jeffries, Appl. Opt. 44, 6718 (2005)
M. Di Rosa, K.G. Klavuhn, R.K. Hanson, Combust. Sci. Technol. 118, 257 (1996)
A.C. Eckbreth, Laser Diagnostic for Combustion Temperature and Species (Gordon and Breach, New York, 1996)
R. Sadanandan, R. Schiessl, D. Markus, U. Maas, Flow Turbul. Combust. 86, 45 (2011)
R. Schiessl, S.A. Kaiser, U. Maas, M.B. Long, Proc. Combust. Inst. 32, 887 (2009)
A.R. Karagozian, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 36, 531 (2010)
J.U. Schlüter, T. Schönfeld, Flow Turbul. Combust. 65, 177 (2000)
J. Fleck, P. Griebel, A.M. Steinberg, M. Stöhr, M. Aigner, A. Ciani, J. Eng. Gas Turbine Power 133 (2011, in press)
F. Güthe, J. Hellat, P. Flohr, J. Eng. Gas Turbine Power 131, 021503 (2009)
J. Fleck, P. Griebel, A.M. Steinberg, M. Stöhr, M. Aigner, A. Ciani, in Proc. ASME Turbo Expo, Power for Land, Sea and Air, 14.-18.06.2010, Glasgow, UK, GT2010-22722 (2010)
R. Lückerath, W. Meier, M. Aigner, J. Eng. Gas Turbine Power 130, 011505 (2008)
M. Namazian, J. Kelly, R. Schefer, Proc. Combust. Inst. 25, 1149 (1994)
J. Warnatz, U. Maas, R.W. Dibble, Combustion (Springer, Berlin, 2006)
W. Bessler, Ph.D. thesis, University of Heidelberg (2003)
W. Bessler, C. Schulz, V. Sick, J. Daily, in Proceedings of the Third Joint Meeting of the U.S. Sections of the Combustion Institute, vol. D33 (2003), pp. 1–6
P.H. Paul, C.D. Carter, J.A. Gray, J.L. Durant Jr., J.W. Thoman Jr., Appl. Phys. B 57, 249 (1993)
C. Schulz, J.D. Koch, D.F. Davidson, J.B. Jeffries, R.K. Hanson, Chem. Phys. Lett. 355, 82 (2002)
T.B. Settersten, B.D. Patterson, J. Chem. Phys. 124, 234308 (2006)
W. Bessler, C. Schulz, J.D.T. Lee, J.B. Jeffries, R.K. Hanson, Appl. Opt. 41, 3547 (2002)
S.H. Smith, M.G. Mungal, J. Fluid Mech. 357, 83 (1998)
T.F. Fric, A. Roshko, J. Fluid Mech. 279, 1 (1994)
P. Dagaut, A. Nicolle, Combust. Flame 140, 161 (2005)
T. Faravelli, A. Frassoldati, E. Ranzi, Combust. Flame 132, 188 (2003)
J. Herzler, C. Naumann, in 23rd ICDERS, Irvine, USA (2011) (submitted)
J. Herzler, C. Naumann, Proc. Combust. Inst. 32, 213 (2009)
G. Weiss, W. Meier, Abschlussbericht Forschungsinitiative Kraftwerke des 21. Jahrhunderts (KW21), 619 (2009)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sadanandan, R., Fleck, J., Meier, W. et al. 2D mixture fraction measurements in a high pressure and high temperature combustion system using NO tracer-LIF. Appl. Phys. B 106, 185–196 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-011-4655-4
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-011-4655-4