Abstract
A buried planar Nd:YAG waveguide has been fabricated by 20-MeV N-ion implantation. From Raman and optical characterization, it has been found that the refractive index has a larger increase when the crystal damage is heavier. According to our analysis, this crystal damage is caused by the electronic energy loss in the first several micrometers of irradiated regions, while nuclear energy loss also acts on the damage near the end of the ion range. This work is helpful to understand the mechanisms of swift-heavy-ion-implanted Nd:YAG waveguide formation.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
P.D. Townsend, P.J. Chandler, L. Zhang, Optical Effects of Ion Implantation (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1994)
M. Domenech, G.V. Vazquez, E. Flores-Romero, E. Cantelar, G. Lifante, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 151108 (2005)
E.F. Romero, G.V. Vázquez, H. Márquez, R.R. Rojo, J. Rickards, R.T. Luna, Opt. Express 15, 8513 (2007)
L. Zhang, P.J. Chandler, P.D. Townsend, S.J. Field, D.C. Hanna, D.P. Shepherd, A.C. Tropper, J. Appl. Phys. 69, 3440 (1991)
G.V. Vázquez, J. Rickards, G. Lifante, M. Domenech, E. Cantelar, Opt. Express 11, 1291 (2003)
J. Olivares, G. García, A. García-Navarro, F. Agulló-López, O. Caballero, A. García-Cabañes, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 183501 (2005)
F. Chen, J. Appl. Phys. 106, 081101 (2009)
F. Qiu, T. Narusawa, Opt. Mater. 33, 527 (2011)
J. Olivares, M.L. Crespillo, O. Caballero, M.D. Ynsa, A. García-Cabañes, M. Toulemonde, C. Trautmann, F. Agulló-López, Opt. Express 17, 24175 (2009)
T. Ruiz, A. Mendez, M. Carrascosa, J. Carnicero, A. Garcia-Cabañes, J. Olivares, F. Agullo Lopez, A. Garcia Navarro, G. Garcia, J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys. 40, 4454 (2007)
J. Villarroel, M. Carrascosa, A. García-Cabañes, O. Caballero-Calero, M. Crespillo, J. Olivares, Appl. Phys. B, Lasers Opt. 95, 429 (2009)
F. Agulló-López, G. García, J. Olivares, J. Appl. Phys. 97, 093514 (2005)
F. Agulló-López, A. Méndez, G. García, J. Olivares, J.M. Cabrera, Phys. Rev. B 74, 174109 (2006)
Y.Y. Ren, N.N. Dong, F. Chen, A. Benayas, D. Jaque, F. Qiu, T. Narusawa, Opt. Lett. 35, 3276 (2010)
Y.Y. Ren, N.N. Dong, F. Chen, D. Jaque, Opt. Express 19, 5522 (2011)
J.F. Ziegler, Computer code (2011), SRIM http://www.srim.org
K. Papagelis, G. Kanellis, S. Ves, G.A. Kourouklis, Phys. Status Solidi B 233, 134 (2002)
A. Ródenas, J.A. Sanz García, D. Jaque, G.A. Torchia, C. Méndez, I. Arias, L. Roso, F. Agulló-Rueda, J. Appl. Phys. 100, 033521 (2006)
A. García-Navarro, F. Agulló-López, J. Olivares, J. Lamela, F. Jaque, J. Appl. Phys. 103, 093540 (2008)
C.A. Merchant, P. Scrutton, S. García-Blanco, C. Hnatovsky, R.S. Taylor, A. García-Navarro, G. García, F. Agulló-López, J. Olivares, A.S. Helmy, J.S. Aitchison, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 45, 373 (2009)
L. Zhang, P.J. Chandler, P.D. Townsend, S.J. Field, D.C. Hanna, D.P. Shepherd, A.C. Tropper, J. Appl. Phys. 69, 3440 (1991)
A. Benayas, D. Jaque, Y. Yao, F. Chen, A.A. Bettiol, A. Rodenas, A.K. Kar, Opt. Lett. 35, 3898 (2010)
Rsoft Design Group, Computer software BeamPROP, version 8.0 (2011)
G. Szenes, Phys. Rev. B 52, 6154 (1995)
M.M. Kuklja, J. Phys., Condens. Matter 12, 2953 (2000)
A. Rivera, J. Olivares, G. García, J.M. Cabrera, F. Agulló-Rueda, F. Agulló-López, Phys. Status Solidi A 206, 1109 (2009)
H. Doonerberg, S.M. Tomlinson, C.R.A. Catlow, O.F. Schirmer, Phys. Rev. B 40, 11909 (1989)
J. Olivares, A. García-Navarro, G. García, A. Méndez, F. Agulló-López, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 071923 (2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Qiu, F., Narusawa, T. Refractive index change mechanisms in swift-heavy-ion-implanted Nd:YAG waveguide. Appl. Phys. B 105, 871–875 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-011-4606-0
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-011-4606-0