Abstract
LiNbO3:Mg crystals doped with 0–8 mol. % Mg with stoichiometric, intermediate and congruent compositions were systematically investigated by Raman spectroscopy in backscattering y(zx)y, y(zz)y and z(xx)z geometries. The damping was found to be a very sensitive parameter for the characterization of the crystal composition. The half-widths of E(TO3)–E(TO9) and A 1(TO1)–A 1(TO4) bands having significant composition dependence for the undoped LiNbO3 crystals show only a weak Mg concentration dependence below the photorefractive threshold, which is a consequence of the counteracting effect of the decreasing NbLi and increasing MgLi contents. The half-widths of the bands, however, increase linearly with growing Mg content for samples above the threshold, irrespective of the Li/Nb ratio. The change in the Mg concentration dependence at a given Li/Nb ratio determines the same threshold value as that concluded from IR and UV spectroscopic measurements. The half-width of the main A 1(LO4) band at 873 cm-1 increases linearly with growing Mg concentration, but no threshold effect is observed. However, the ratio of the area of the main band and the high-frequency sideband shows a threshold effect that can be interpreted by the existing defect incorporation models. The small Raman band at about 740 cm-1 attributed earlier to NbLi vibration is also detected in above-threshold LiNbO3:Mg crystals, which can be explained by the vibration of Nb ions in Mg4Nb2O9 defect clusters appearing at high Mg concentrations.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
A.A. Ballmann, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 48, 112 (1965)
T. Volk, M. Wöhlecke, N. Rubinina, A. Reichert, N. Razumovski, Ferroelectrics 183, 291 (1996)
T. Volk, M. Wöhlecke, Ferroelectr. Rev. 1, 195 (1998)
G.G. Zhong, J. Jian, Z.K. Wu, in 11th Int. Quantum Electronics Conf. (1980), p. 631
D.A. Bryan, R.R. Rice, R. Gerson, H.E. Tomaschke, K.L. Sweeney, L.E. Halliburton, Opt. Eng. 24, 138 (1985)
L.J. Hu, Y.H. Chang, M.L. Hu, M.W. Chang, W.S. Tse, J. Raman Spectrosc. 22, 333 (1991)
K. Polgár, L. Kovács, I. Földvári, I. Cravero, Solid State Commun. 59, 375 (1986)
R.F. Schaufele, M.J. Weber, Phys. Rev. 152, 705 (1966)
A. Ridah, P. Bourson, M. Fontana, G. Malovichko, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 9, 9687 (1997)
B.A. Scott, G. Burns, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 55, 225 (1972)
U. Schlarb, S. Klauer, M. Wesselmann, K. Betzler, M. Wöhlecke, Appl. Phys. A 56, 311 (1993)
Y. Zhang, L. Guilbert, P. Bourson, K. Polgár, M. Fontana, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 18, 957 (2006)
J. Koppitz, O.F. Schirmer, M. Wöhlecke, A.I. Kuznetsov, B.C. Grabmaier, Ferroelectrics 92, 233 (1989)
R. Mouras, P. Bourson, M. Fontana, M. Aillerie, F. Lhommé, K. Polgár, Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids 150, 255 (1999)
R. Mouras, M. Fontana, P. Bourson, A.V. Postnikov, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 12, 5053 (2000)
R. Mouras, P. Bourson, M. Fontana, G. Boulon, Opt. Commun. 197, 439 (2001)
K. Lengyel, Á. Péter, K. Polgár, L. Kovács, G. Corradi, Phys. Status Solidi C 2, 171 (2005)
Á. Péter, K. Polgár, L. Kovács, K. Lengyel, J. Cryst. Growth 284, 149 (2005)
D.A. Bryan, R. Gerson, H.E. Tomaschke, Appl. Phys. Lett. 44, 847 (1984)
L. Kovács, G. Ruschhaupt, K. Polgár, G. Corradi, M. Wöhlecke, Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 2801 (1997)
J. Liu, W. Zhang, G. Zhang, Phys. Stat. Solidi A 156, 285 (1996)
L. Kovács, K. Polgár, R. Capelletti, Cryst. Lattice Defects Amorph. Mater. 15, 115 (1987)
N. Iyi, K. Kitamura, Y. Yajima, S. Kimura, Y. Furukawa, M. Sato, J. Solid State Chem. 118, 148 (1995)
L. Kovács, I. Földvári, K. Polgár, Acta Phys. Hung. 61, 223 (1987)
Y. Furukawa, K. Kitamura, S. Takekawa, K. Niwa, Y. Yajima, N. Iyi, I. Mnushkina, P. Guggenheim, J.M. Martin, J. Cryst. Growth 211, 230 (2000)
S.M. Kostritskii, P. Bourson, R. Mouras, M.D. Fontana, J. Opt. Mater. 29, 732 (2007)
E.J. Baran, I.L. Botto, F. Muto, N. Kumada, N. Kinomura, J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 5, 671 (1986)
Y. Kong, J. Xu, X. Chen, C. Zhang, W. Zhang, J. Appl. Phys. 87, 4410 (2000)
S. Kojima, Japan. J. Appl. Phys. 32, 4373 (1993)
Y. Repelin, E. Husson, F. Bennani, C. Proust, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 60, 819 (1999)
V. Caciuc, A.V. Postnikov, G. Borstel, Phys. Rev. B 61, 8806 (2000)
H. Donnerberg, S.M. Tomlinson, C.R.A. Catlow, O.F. Schirmer, Phys. Rev. B 44, 4877 (1991)
N. Kumada, K. Taki, N. Kinomura, Mater. Res. Bull. 35, 1017 (2000)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
PACS
77.84.Dy; 63.20.Mt; 42.70.Mp; 78.30.-j
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lengyel, K., Kovács, L., Péter, Á. et al. The effect of stoichiometry and Mg doping on the Raman spectra of LiNbO3:Mg crystals. Appl. Phys. B 87, 317–322 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-007-2589-7
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-007-2589-7