Abstract
The signal of heterodyne-detected electrostrictive laser-induced gratings (LIGs) originates from the interference of a reference laser beam with the laser light diffracted at the counterpropagating sound-wave packets, which are generated in the overlap volume of crossed laser beams. The frequencies of the sound waves, which contain the information on the sound velocity and on the motion of the medium, can approximately be extracted from the frequencies at the maxima of the two peaks, which dominate the power spectrum of the heterodyne LIG signal intensity. In free-air jets behind a slot nozzle, flow velocities up to 60 m s-1 were determined by quick fits from the power spectrum and by fitting the time-dependent signal intensity data to model functions. Results agree well, the standard deviations being about one-half in the latter case (1.6–2.6 m s-1, for positions close to the nozzle). Problems arising from the sampling and from the finite observation time of the signal intensity are discussed. Furthermore, the results of the LIG measurements were compared with data provided by laser Doppler anemometry. As an application of the instantaneous and unseeded LIG measurement technique, temperatures in heated air jets were determined simultaneously with the flow velocity by quick fits from the power spectrum.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
A. Eder, B. Dürst, M. Jordan: ‘Laser Doppler Velocimetry’. In: Optical Measurements, 2nd edn, ed. by F. Mayinger, O. Feldmann (Springer, Berlin 2001)
W. Merzkirch: ‘Particle Image Velocimetry’. In: Optical Measurements, 2nd edn, ed. by F. Mayinger, O. Feldmann (Springer, Berlin 2001)
E.B. Cummings, I.A. Leyva, H.G. Hornung: Appl. Opt. 34, 3290 (1995)
D.J.W. Walker, R.B. Williams, P. Ewart: Opt. Lett. 23, 1316 (1998)
A.A. Maznev, K.A. Nelson, J.A. Rogers: Opt. Lett. 23, 1319 (1998)
S. Schlamp, E.B. Cummings, H.G. Hornung: Appl. Opt. 38, 5724 (1999)
D.N. Kozlov, B. Hemmerling, A. Stampanoni-Panariello: Appl. Phys. B 71, 585 (2000)
S. Schlamp, E.B. Cummings, T.H. Sobota: Opt. Lett. 25, 224 (2000)
B. Hemmerling, D.N. Kozlov, A. Stampanoni-Panariello: Opt. Lett. 25, 1340 (2000)
S. Schlamp, E. Allen-Bradley: ‘Homodyne detection laser-induced thermal acoustics velocimetry’, AIAA Paper (American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics) 2000-0376, Reno, Nevada, USA (2000)
R.C. Hart, R.J. Balla, G.C. Herring: Appl. Opt. 40, 965 (2001)
S. Schlamp, T. Rösgen: ‘Experimental considerations for laser-induced thermal acoustics (LITA) in compressible turbulent flows’, AIAA Paper 2003-3454, 33rd AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference, Orlando, FL, USA, June 23–26 (2003)
B. Hemmerling, M. Neracher, D.N. Kozlov, W. Kwan, R. Stark, D. Klimenko, W. Clauss, M. Oschwald: J. Raman Spectrosc. 33, 912 (2002)
M.S. Brown, Y. Li, W.L. Roberts, J.R. Gord: Appl. Opt. 42, 566 (2003)
A. Stampanoni-Panariello, B. Hemmerling, W. Hubschmid: Phys. Rev. A 51, 655 (1995)
R.B. Boyd: Nonlinear Optics (Academic, San Diego 1992)
W. Hubschmid, R. Bombach, B. Hemmerling, A. Stampanoni-Panariello: Appl. Phys. B 62, 103 (1996)
I.S. Gradshteyn, I.M. Ryzhik: Table of Integrals, Series and Products (Academic, San Diego 1980) Formula 3.896
W. Hubschmid, B. Hemmerling, A. Stampanoni-Panariello: J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 12, 1850 (1995)
W. Hubschmid, B. Hemmerling: Chem. Phys. 258, 109 (2000)
W.H Press, B.P. Flannery, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling: Numerical Recipes (Cambridge University Press 1988)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
PACS
42.62.-b; 47.62.+q; 43.58.+z
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Neracher, M., Hubschmid, W. Heterodyne-detected electrostrictive laser-induced gratings for gas-flow diagnostics. Appl Phys B 79, 783–791 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-004-1632-1
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-004-1632-1