Abstract
Multiplexed fiber-coupled diode lasers are used to probe second-harmonic line shapes of two near-infrared water absorption features, at 1343 nm and 1392 nm, in order to infer temperatures in gases containing water vapor, such as combustion flows. Wavelength modulation is performed at 170 kHz, and is superimposed on 1-kHz wavelength scans in order to recover full second-harmonic line shapes. Digital waveform generation and lock-in detection are performed using a data-acquisition card installed in a PC. An optimal selection of the modulation indices is shown to greatly simplify data interpretation over extended temperature ranges and to minimize the need for calibration when performing 2 f ratio thermometry. A theoretical discussion of this optimized strategy for 2 f ratio thermometry, as well as results from experimental validations in a heated cell, at pressures up to atmospheric, are presented in order to illustrate the utility of this technique for rapid temperature measurements in gaseous flow fields.
Article PDF
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
M.G. Allen: Meas. Sci. Technol. 9, 545 (1998)
D.S. Baer, V. Nagali, E.R. Furlong, R.K. Hanson: AIAA J. 34, 489 (1996)
H. Teichert, T. Fernholtz, V. Ebert: Appl. Opt. 42, 2043 (2003)
J.A. Silver, D.J. Kane: Meas. Sci. Technol. 10, 845 (1999)
D. Richter, D.G. Lancaster, F.K. Tittel: Appl. Opt. 39, 4444 (2000)
S.I. Chou, D.S. Baer, R.K. Hanson, W.Z. Collison, T.Q. Ni: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 19, 477 (2001)
D.C. Hovde, J.T. Hodges, G.E. Scace, J.A. Silver: Appl. Opt. 40, 829 (2001)
L.C. Philippe, R.K. Hanson: Opt. Lett. 16, 2002 (1992)
S.T. Sanders, J.A. Baldwin, T.P. Jenkins, D.S. Baer, R.K. Hanson: Proc. Combust. Inst. 28, 587 (2000)
V. Nagali, R.K. Hanson: Appl. Opt. 36, 9518 (1997)
M.P. Arroyo, R.K. Hanson: Appl. Opt. 32, 6104 (1993)
E.R. Furlong: Diode-laser Absorption Spectroscopy Applied for the Active Control of Combustion. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 1998
V. Nagali, S.I. Chou, D.S. Baer, R.K. Hanson: J. Quantum Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 57, 795 (1997)
D.S. Bomse, A.S. Stanton, J.A. Silver: Appl. Opt. 31, 718 (1992)
T. Fernholtz, H. Teichert, V. Ebert: Appl. Phys. B 75, 229 (2002)
T. Aizawa: Appl. Opt. 40, 4894 (2001)
J.J. Nikkari, J.M. Di Iorio, M.J. Thomson: Appl. Opt. 41, 446 (2002)
T.P. Jenkins, P.A. DeBarber, M. Oljaca: A Rugged Low-cost Diode Laser Sensor for H2O and Temperature Applied to a Spray Flame. Presented at: 41st Aerospace Sciences Meet. Exhib., American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reno, NV, 6–9 January (2003)
J.M. Supplee, E.A. Whittaker, W. Lenth: Appl. Opt. 33, 6294 (1994)
J. Reid, D. Labrie: Appl. Phys. B 26, 203 (1981)
L.C. Philippe, R.K. Hanson: Appl. Opt. 32, 6090 (1993)
P. Kluczynski, O. Axner: Appl. Opt. 38, 5803 (1999)
R. Arndt: J. Appl. Phys. 36, 2522 (1965)
L.S. Rothman, A. Barbe, D.C. Benner, L.R. Brown, C. Camy-Peyret, M.R. Carleer, K. Chance, C. Clerbaux, V. Dana, V.M. Devi, A. Fayt, J.-M. Flaud, R.R. Gamache, A. Goldman, D. Jacquemart, K.W. Jucks, W.J. Lafferty, J.-Y. Mandin, S.T. Massie, V. Nemtchinov, D.A. Newnham, A. Perrin, C.P. Rinsland, J. Schroeder, K.M. Smith, M.A.H. Smith, K. Tang, R.A. Toth, J. Vander Auwera, P. Varanasi, K. Yoshino: J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 82, 5 (2003)
http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/hitran/
H. Wahlquist: J. Chem. Phys. 35, 1708 (1961)
G.V.H. Wilson: J. Appl. Phys. 34, 3276 (1963)
D.C. Hovde, C.A. Parsons: Appl. Opt. 36, 1135 (1997)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
PACS
42.62.Fi; 42.55.Px; 42.60.Fc; 39.30.+w
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, J., Jeffries, J. & Hanson , R. Wavelength modulation absorption spectroscopy with 2 f detection using multiplexed diode lasers for rapid temperature measurements in gaseous flows. Appl. Phys. B 78, 503–511 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-003-1380-7
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-003-1380-7