Abstract
Using first principles of fluid and solid mechanics a comprehensive model of human intracranial dynamics is proposed. Blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain parenchyma as well as the spinal canal are included. The compartmental model predicts intracranial pressure gradients, blood and CSF flows and displacements in normal and pathological conditions like communicating hydrocephalus. The system of differential equations of first principles conservation balances is discretized and solved numerically. Fluid–solid interactions of the brain parenchyma with cerebral blood and CSF are calculated. The model provides the transitions from normal dynamics to the diseased state during the onset of communicating hydrocephalus. Predicted results were compared with physiological data from Cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging to verify the dynamic model. Bolus injections into the CSF are simulated in the model and found to agree with clinical measurements.
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Abbreviations
- cAr:
-
Carotid artery
- Ar:
-
Arteries
- Al:
-
Arterioles
- Cp:
-
Capillaries
- Vl:
-
Veinules
- V:
-
Veins
- vSinus:
-
Venous sinus
- Lv:
-
Lateral ventricle
- 3V:
-
Third ventricle
- 4V:
-
Fourth ventricle
- SAS:
-
Cranial subarachnoid space
- sp.canal:
-
Spinal subarachnoid space
- br:
-
Brain
- exf:
-
Extracellular fluid
- xxL,R :
-
Signifying two equations, one for the left brain hemisphere and one for the right brain hemisphere
- xxR :
-
Right compartment
- xxL :
-
Left compartment
- \({{f}_{xx_{\rm in}}}\) :
-
Flow into the compartment
- \({{f}_{xx_{\rm out}}}\) :
-
Flow out of the compartment
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Linninger, A.A., Xenos, M., Sweetman, B. et al. A mathematical model of blood, cerebrospinal fluid and brain dynamics. J. Math. Biol. 59, 729–759 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00285-009-0250-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00285-009-0250-2
Keywords
- Cerebrospinal fluid
- Communicating hydrocephalus
- Intracranial pressure
- Mathematical modeling
- Computational fluid dynamics