Abstract
Selective laser melting (SLM) facilitates the integration of external elements like sensors into workpieces during manufacturing. These embedded components enable, e.g., part monitoring thus being a fundamental application of industry 4.0 and digitization of products in general. Since these embedding concepts are currently developing, the research community focusses on survival, functionality, and data quality of the embedded elements. However, another important aspect is that the manufacturing processes need to be interrupted for sensor integration. This study investigates the influence of a process interruption on the static tensile properties. The results reveal a distinct impact of the process discontinuity on the tensile properties. Both yield strength Rp0.2 and ultimate tensile strength Rm dropped by 13% for horizontally orientated tensile bars and by 18% for vertical samples. True stress for both horizontal and vertical samples is also negatively affected by the process interruption. Furthermore, hybrid tensile bars that consist of half conventionally and half additively manufactured parts were tested since this manufacturing approach also implies a start of the SLM process within the final part’s shape. For these samples, true stress and plastic strain values represent an even mix between vertical and conventional tensile bars. For all samples, the location of failure was analyzed by fractographic and cross-sectional analyses. For the SLM samples, the process interruption represents a potential weakening of the cross section, even though not all samples broke in the interruption zone. The hybrid tensile bars did not fail in the transition zone, which consequently is not the weak spot of these samples.
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Acknowledgements
The authors like to thank the Swiss Commission for Technology and Innovation (CTI) for financing the analysis within the frame of a founded project. Furthermore, special thanks go to Mrs. Chiara Bertoli (Institute for Virtual Manufacturing IVP, ETH Zurich) who supported the authors in a very patient way with her expertise in plastic material deformations.
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Stoll, P., Spierings, A. & Wegener, K. Impact of a process interruption on tensile properties of SS 316L parts and hybrid parts produced with selective laser melting. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 103, 367–376 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-03560-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-03560-1