Résumé
Les abcès et fistules de la région anale correspondent à différentes phases d'une même suppuration, un abcès étant une fistule en puissance. Il est essentiel de distinguer les suppurations anales qui ont une communication directe avec le canal anal et d'autres processus infectieux qui n'ont pas de communication avec celui-ci mais bien avec la région périanale. Ces pathologies incluent l'idrosadénite périanale (maladie de Verneuil), les abcès folliculaires et les fistules correspondantes (furoncle), les fistules provenant d'un processus inflammatoire abdominal ou des structures osseuses pelviennes. La fistule est un trajet pathologique couvert de tissu de granulation situé entre un viscère creux et un autre organe, ou encore un orifice cutané, ce qui met en connexion deux surfaces couvertes d'épithélium cutané ou muqueux, avec le maintien d'une voie ouverte à la suppuration.
Summary
The anal abscess and fistula represent different moments of the same suppuration, an abscess being a potential fistula. It is essential to distinguish between anal suppurations that have a communication with the anal canal and other processes which do not communicate with it, and should be defined asperianal. These include the perianal idrosadenitis (Verneuil's disease), the follicular abscess and fistula (boil), the fïstula originating from an abdominal inflammatory process or from the pelvic bones. The fistula in itself is a pathway of granulation tissue between a hollow organ and another organ or the skin, connecting two surfaces covered by cutaneous or mucosal epithelium, and it is maintained open by an active infection.
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