Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy and precision of “deep-forehead” temperature with rectal, esophageal, and tympanic membrane temperatures, compared with blood temperature.
Methods: We studied 41 ASA physical status 1 or 2 patients undergoing abdominal and thoracic surgery scheduled to require at least three hours. “Deep-forehead” temperature was measured using a Coretemp® thermometer (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan). Blood temperature was measured with a thermistor of a pulmonary artery. Rectal, tympanic membrane, and distal esophageal temperatures were measured with thermocouples. All temperatures were recorded at 20 min intervals after the induction of anesthesia. We considered blood temperature as the reference value. Temperatures at the other four sites were compared with blood temperature using correlation, regression, and Bland and Altman analyses. We determined accuracy (mean difference between reference and test temperatures) and precision (standard deviation of the difference) of 0.5°C to be clinically acceptable.
Results: “Deep-forehead” temperature correlated well with blood temperature as well as other temperatures, the determination coefficients (r2) being 0.85 in each case. The bias for the “deep-forehead” temperature was 0.0°C which was the same as tympanic membrane temperature and was smaller than rectal and esophageal temperatures. The standard deviation of the differences for the “deep-forehead” temperature was 0.3°C, which was the same as rectal temperature.
Conclusions: We have demonstrated that the “deep-forehead” temperature has excellent accuracy and clinically sufficient precision as well as other three core temperatures, compared with blood temperature.
Résumé
Objectif: Évaluer l’exactitude et la précision de la température frontale «cutanée profonde» et les températures rectale, œsophagienne et tympanique, comparées à la température du sang.
Méthode: L’étude a porté sur 41 patients d’état physique ASA I ou II devant subir une intervention chirurgicale abdominale et thoracique d’au moins deux heurs. La température «cutanée profonde» a été mesurée à l’aide du thermomètre Coretemp® (Terumo, Tokyo, Japon). Celle du sang a été prise avec une thermistance d’une artère pulmonaire et les températures rectale, tympanique et œsophagienne distale, avec des thermocouples. Elles ont toutes été enregistrées à 20 min d’intervalle après l’induction de l’anesthésie. La température du sang a servi de référence. Les températures des quatre autres sites ont été comparées avec celle du sang à l’aide d’analyses de corrélation, de régression et des analyses de Bland et Altman. Nous avons reconnu une exactitude (différence moyenne entre la température de référence et les autres) et une précision (écart type de la différence) de 0,5 °C près comme une différence acceptable en clinique.
Résultats: La température «cutanée profonde» était en corrélation avec celle du sang, et avec celle des autres sites, le cofficient de détermination (r2) étant de 0,85 dans chaque cas. Le biais de la température «cutanée profonde» était de 0,0 °C, comme celui de la température tympanique, et plus faible que ceux des températures rectale et œsophagienne. L’écart type de la différence pour la température «cutanée profonde» était de 0,3 °C, comme pour la température rectale.
Conclusion: Nous avons démontré que la température frontale pronfonde présentait une grande exactitude et une précision utile suffisante, autant que les trois autres températures centrales, comparée à la température du sang.
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Harioka, T., Matsukawa, T., Ozaki, M. et al. “Deep-forehead” temperature correlates well with blood temperature. Can J Anesth 47, 980–983 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03024869
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03024869