Résumé
La commercialisation récente du lansoprazole demi-dose conduit à préciser les indications des deux dosages disponibles, 15 mg et 30 mg, dans la prise en charge des maladies liées à l’acidité gastrique. La biodisponibilité du lansoprazole, élevée et d’emblée maximale, explique en partie sa très grande rapidité d’action. Grâce à un effet antisécrétoire puissant, le lansoprazole 30 mg répond aux critères de cicatrisation des ulcères duodénaux (pH intragastrique supérieur à 3 sur plus de 75% du nycthémère) et à ceux des œsophagites peptiques (pH intragastrique supérieur à 4 pendant plus de 15 heures par jour). Les études de pharmacodynamie ont mis en évidence une relation dose-effet et une forte corrélation entre les taux plasmatiques de lansoprazole et l’inhibition de la sécrétion acide. Lors de traitements prolongés, l’hypergastrinémie réactive reste modérée et aucune gastrite atrophique n’est rapportée. A l’arrêt du traitement, quelle que soit la dose, on n’observe pas d’effet rebond de la sécrétion gastrique.
Par ailleurs, plusieurs études mesurant le pH intragastrique et le débit acide basal ont démontré la supériorité de l’activité antisécrétoire du lansoprazole 30 mg par rapport à celle des anti-H2 et de l’oméprazole 20 mg, elle-même similaire à celle du lansoprazole 15 mg. Dans le traitement d’attaque de l’ulcère gastro-duodénal, l’efficacité du lansoprazole 30 mg sur la cicatrisation et la sédation de la douleur est, selon les études, comparable ou supérieure à celle de l’oméprazole 20 mg. Dans l’œsophagite peptique, l’utilisation du lansoprazole 30 mg permet d’obtenir des taux de cicatrisation et de soulagement des symptômes significativement plus élevés que ceux de la ranitidine 300 mg. La sédation de la douleur apparaît plus rapide avec le lansoprazole 30 mg comparativement à l’oméprazole 20 mg. Grâce à un effet antisécrétoire, comparable à celui de l’oméprazole 20 mg, le lansoprazole 15 mg semble un dosage adapté au traitement d’entretien des œsophagites par reflux (grades III–IV) et des ulcères duodénaux. Il est également indiqué dans le traitement symptomatique du RGO non compliqué. La puissance et la bonne tolérance du lansoprazole à forte dose en font également un traitement adapté au syndrome de Zollinger-Ellison.
Summary
Half-dose lansoprazole has changed the approach of the management of gastro-duodenal ulcer and of GORD. The high and maximal bioavailability of lansoprazole partly explains its fast antisecretory onset. Furthermore, lansoprazole 30 mg has an optimal effect on the healing of duodenal ulcers (aggregate time above pH 3 of at least 75% of the 24-hour period) and of erosive œsophagitis (pH above 4 over 15 hours/d). Pharmacodynamics parameters show a dose-dependent inhibition and a great correlation between lansoprazole serum levels and acid suppression. During prolonged treatments, the serum gastrin increase was moderate. After cessation of treatment, no rebound effect on the acid secretion has been observed.
Other studies with gastric pH and basal acid output measurements have shown the greater effect of lansoprazole 30 mg compared to H2-blockers and to omeprazole 20 mg. In acute treatment of gastro-duodenal ulcer, the efficacy on healing and pain relief is either comparable or higher with lansoprazole 30 mg than with omeprazole 20 mg. In erosive œsophagitis, healing rates and symptoms relief are higher with lansoprazole 30 mg than with ranitidine 300 mg. Moreover, compared to omeprazole 20 mg, pain relief is more rapid with lansoprazole 30 mg. Studies have shown that lansoprazole 15 mg has an antisecretory effect comparable to omeprazole 20 mg. Therefore, lansoprazole 15 mg is indicated in maintenance treatment of GORD and of duodenal ulcer; it can also be used as a treatment of reflux symptoms. At high doses, lansoprazole is an efficient and safe therapy of Zollinger-Ellison.
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Florent, C. Mise au point lansoprazole: pharmacocinétique, pharmacodynamique et activité thérapeutique. Acta Endosc 29, 157–168 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03020283
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03020283