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Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Department of Anaesthesia, The Toronto Hospital, General Division, 200 Elizabeth Street, M5G 2C4, Toronto, Ontario
Cristina Hurtado & John Bradley
Dept. of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
Andrew R. Burns, John Bradley, Keyvan Karkouti & Cristina Hurtado
Department of Anaesthesia, The Toronto Hospital, General Division, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario
Andrew R. Burns & John Bradley
Dept. of Anaesthesia, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, M5B 1W8, Toronto, Ont.
Rob Anderson, Simon D. Abrahamson & C. David Mazer
Department of Anaesthesia, Dalhousie University, B3H 2Y9, Halifax, Canada
O. R. Hung & L. Comeau
Department of Anaesthesia, The Toronto Hospital, 585 University Ave., M5G 2C4, Toronto, Canada
Joseph A. Fisher, Janet Tessler & Joshua Rucker
Dept of Anesthesia, Univ of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 45267-0531, Cincinnati, Ohio
Alix Mathicu & Sara Murray-Foster
Graduate Institute Medical Sciences and Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Tz-Chong Chou & Chi-Yuan Li
Department of Anesthesiology & Resuscitology, Canada
Takako Tsuda, Akihiko Tabuchi, Hiroshi Sasano & Masanobu Kiriyama
21Ndn Dept. of Surgery, Canada
Akinori Okada
3rd Dept. of Internal Medicine, Nagoya City University Medical School, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, 467, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
Junichiro Hayano
Department of Anaesthesia, The Toronto Hospital, Canada
Akinori Takeuchi & Hirotada Katsuya
Department of Anaesthesia St Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, 30 Bond Street, M5B 1W8, Toronto, ON
Claude P. Tousignant & C. David Mazer
Department of Anaesthesia St Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, 30 Bond Street, M5B 1W8, Toronto, ON
Claude P. Tousignant & C. David Mazer
Dept. of Anaesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, 237 Barton St East, L8L 2X2, Hamilton, Ontario
Elizabeth Ling
Dept. of Anaesthesia, University of Toronto, The Toronto Hospital, 200 Elizabeth St., M5G 2C4, Toronto, Ontario
Ramiro Arellano
Department of Anaesthesia, Division of Cardiac Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, The Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario
N. Dowd, J. Karski, D. Cheng & J. Carroll-Munro
The Departments of Anaesthesia, St. Michael’s Hospital and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
D. K. Rose, C. O. Mazer, M. M. Cohen & D. Wigglesworth
Dept of Anaesthesia, Division of Cardiology and Faculty of Engineering, Dalhousie University, PO box 9000, B3K 6A3, Halifax, NS, Canada
William P. S. McKay, Robert J. Teskey, Julio Militzer, Guy Kember, Travis Blanchet & Peter H. Gregson
Department of Anaesthesia, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa Civic Hospital, 1053 Carling Avenue, K1Y 4E9, Ottawa, Ontario
Steven R. Howells & James A. Robblee
Dept. of Anaesthesia, Foothills Medical Centre and the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Terrance W. Breen, Laura Dierenfield & Tacie McNeil
Dept. of Anaesthesia, Foothills Medical Centre and the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Terrance W. Breen, Tacie McNeil & Laura Dierenfield
Department of Anesthesia, Health Sciences Centre, University of Manitoba, 820 Sherbrook Street, R3A 1R9, Winnipeg, Manitoba
Donna J. Nicholson, Stephen E. Kowalski, G. Andrew Hamilton, Michael P. Meyers, Carl Serrette & Peter C. Duke
Department of Anaesthesia, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, J1H 5N4, Fleurimont, Quebec
Ingrid Custeau, Rend Martin, Sonia Larabée, Martine Pirlet, Madeleine Pilote & Jean-Pierre Tetrault
Department of Anaesthesia, University of Alberta Hospitals, T6G 2B7, Edmonton, Alberta
Ban C. H. Tsui, Sunil Gupta & Brendan Finucane
Department of Anaesthesia, University of Toronto, The Toronto Hospital, Western Division, 399 Bathurst St., M5T 2S8, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Mitchell J. Weisbrod, Vincent W. S. Chan, Z. Kaszas & C. Dragomir
Dept. of Anaesthesia, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
M. R. Cohen, A. S. Clanachan & B. A. Finegan
Dept. of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
M. Gandhi & A. S. Clanachan
Department of Anaesthesia, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario and The University of Ottawa, Canada
Lisa Isaac, William M. Splinter, L. A. Hall, H. M. Gould & E. J. Rhine
Department of Anaesthesia, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont and Université de Montréal, 5415 I’Assomption Blvd., H1T 2M4, Montréal, Québec
Lyne Bergeron, Michel Girard, Pierre Drolet, Hong Hanh Le Truong & Carl Boucher
Departments of Anaesthesia and Microbiology, Centre Hospitalier Affilié Universitaire de Québec (Pavilion Enfant-Jésus), 1401,18° Rue, G1J 1Z4, Québec, Québec
Daniel Vézina, Martin R. Lessard, Marie Gourdeau & Claude A. Trépanier
Department of Anaesthesia, Foothills Hospital, University of Calgary, 1403-29th St. N.W., T2N 2T9, Calgary, AB, Canada
Theresa Yang, Terrance W. Breen & Alison Macarthur
Department of Anesthesia, Centre Hospitalier de I’Université de Montréal, Pavilion Notre-Dame, University of Montreal, 1560 Sherbrooke Street East, Montreal, Canada
P. Chouinard, F. Fugère & M. Ruel
Ear Hospital and Department of Anaesthesia, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 29 E, FIN-00290, Helsinki, Finland
Pekka Tarkkila, Marja Silvasti, Marjatta Tuominen, Nils Svartling & Per H. Rosenberg
Departments of Anaesthesia, Queen’s University, K7L 3N6, Kingston, Ontario
David M. Bond
Departments of Surgery, Queen’s University, K7L 3N6, Kingston, Ontario
John F. Rudan
Departments of Pharmacology, Queen’s University, K7L 3N6, Kingston, Ontario
Michael A. Adams
Dept of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
Brian K. Tsang
Dept of Pharmacy Services and School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
Wanda Keahey
Departments of Psychology and Anaesthesia, The Toronto Hospital, General Division, 200 Elizabeth Street, M5G 2C4, Toronto, Ontario
Lucia Gagliese, Marla Jackson, Paul Ritvo, Adarose Wowk, Alan N. Sandler & Joel Katz
Department of Anaesthesia, St. Vincent’s Hospital/SEDDA, Dublin, Ireland
J. G. Laffey & J. F. Boylan
Department of Anaesthesia, London Health Sciences Centre, University Campus, N6A 5A5, London, Ontario
Neal H. Badner & Wendy E. Komar
Department of Anaesthesia, Queen’s University, Kingston General Hospital, 76 Stuart Street, K7L 2V7, Kingston, ON
David M. Bond
Department of Anaesthesia, St. Joseph’s Health Centre, 268 Grosvenor Street, N6A 4V2, London, Ontario
R. A. Cherry & S. M. Spadafora
London Health Sciences Centre, Canada
R. J. Butler
Department of Anaesthesia, Toronto Hospital, Western Division, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Fiona McHardy, Joanne Fortier, Frances Chung, Scott Marshall & Ananthan Krishnathas
Department of Anesthesia, Toronto Hospital, Western Division, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Jean Wong, Frances Chung, Ewan Ritchie, Fiona McHardy, Scott Marshall & Joanne Fortier
Department of Anaesthesia, Queen’s University, Kingston General Hospital, K7L 2S6, Kingston, Ontario
Andrew Meikle, Nicole Avery, Janet van Vlymen & Joel L. Parlow
Department of Anaesthesia, Toronto Hospital, Western Division, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
David Sinclair, Frances Chung & Gabor Mezei
Department of Anaesthesia, The Toronto Hospital, Western Division, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, M5T 2S8, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Fengling Jin, Frances Chung, Andrew Norris & Tharini Ganeshram
Clinical Pharmacology Research Organization (CPRO) Depts. of Anaesthesia and Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, V6T 1Z3, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Bernard A. MacLeod, Aliréza Azmudéh, Luigi G. Franciosi, Craig R. Ries & Stephan K. W. Schwarz
Dept of Anaesthesia, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth Health Sciences Centre, PO Box 9000, B3K 6A3, Halifax, Canada
William PS McKay, Peter H. Gregson, Benjamin W. S. McKay & Travis Blanchet
Department of Engineering, Technical University of Nova Scotia, Halifax
William PS McKay, Peter H. Gregson, Benjamin W. S. McKay & Travis Blanchet
Duke University Department of Mathematics, Durham, NC, USA
William PS McKay, Peter H. Gregson, Benjamin W. S. McKay & Travis Blanchet
Anaesthesia, Royal Victoria Hospital and McGill Univ., 687 Pine Ave. West, H3A 1A1, Montreal, QC
Pascal Meuret, Vincent Bonhomme, Gilles Plourde, Pierre Fiset & Stevens B. Backman
Department of Anaesthesia, The Toronto Hospital, 585 University Avenue, M5G 2C4, Toronto, Ontario
Alex Vesely, Akinori Takeuchi, Leeor Sommer, Joshua Rucker, Joel Greenwald, Elana Lavine, Steve Iscoe, George Volgyesi, Ludwik Fedorko, Joseph Fisher & Jean-Gilles Guimond
Departments of Anesthesiology and Orthopedic Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Box 100254 JHMHSC, 32610-0254, Gainesville, FL, USA
Emilio B. Lobato, Cheri A. Sulek, Laurie K. Davies & Peter F. Gearen
Département d’Anesthésie-réanimation, Centre Hospitalier de l’Universite de Montréal, Université de Montréal, 3840 rue St-Urbain, H2W 1T8, Montréal, Québec
François Bellemare, François Donati & Jacques Couture
Department of Anaesthesia St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, 30 Bond St., M5B 1W8, Toronto, Ontario
Hwan S. Joo & D. K. Rose
Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, The Toronto Hospital, General Division, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Sunil Kapoor, Shahriar Shayan & Keyvan Karkouti
Dept. of Anesthesia, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, A1B 3V6, St. John’s, Nfld.
Kenneth M. LeDez, Jim Au, John H. Tucker, Edwin B. Redmond, V. Gadag & Catherine Penney
Departments of Anaesthesia and Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S.
Gregory M. T. Hare, Timothy D. G. Lee & Gregory M. Hirsch
Laboratory of Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia, Centre Hospitalier de I’Université de Montréal, Pavilion Notre-Dame; 1560 Sherbrooke St East, H2L 4M1, Montréal, Quebec
Fan Yang, Eric Troncy & Gilbert Blaise
Department of Anesthesia, Kobe City General Hospital, Minatojima Nakamachi 4-6, 650, Cuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
Yoshiyuki Naito, Shoji Arisawa, Masahiro Ide, Susumu Nakano & Kazuo Yamazaki
Department of Anesthesiology, Iwate Medical University, School of Medicine, 1-2-1 Chuodori, 020, Morioka-shi, Iwate, Japan
Takae Kawamura, Noriko Nara & Reiji Wakusawa
Department of Anaesthesia, University of Manitoba, St. Boniface General Hospital, 409 Taché Avenue, R2H 2A6, Winnipeg, Manitoba
Katsuya Inada, Robert J. Hudson, Karanbir Singh, Gary A. Harding, Blair T. Henderson & Ian R. Thomson
Department of Anaesthesia, University of Manitoba, St. Boniface General Hospital, 409 Taché Avenue, R2H 2A6, Winnipeg, Manitoba
Gary A. Harding, Robert J. Hudson & Ian R. Thomson
Department of Anaesthesia, University of Manitoba, St. Boniface General Hospital, 409 Tache Avenue, R2H 2A6, Winnipeg, Manitoba
Ian R. Thomson, Karanbir Singh & Robert J. Hudson
Departments of Anaesthesia, Surgery, and Medicine, Ottawa General Hospital, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Rd, K1S 4Z3, Ottawa, ON
Christopher G. Wherrett, Donald R. Miller, Alan A. Giachino, Michelle A. Turek & Kelly Rody
Department of Anaesthesia, Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre, Room 3200-910 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
H. Vaghadia, V. Chan, S. Ganapathy, A. Lui, J. McKenna & K. Zimmer
Depts. of Anaesthesia and Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Clinical Pharmacology Research Organization (CPRO), Canada
Stephan K. W. Schwarz, Bernard A. MacLeod, Craig R. Ries & Luigi G. Franciosi
Dept. of Orthopaedics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B. C., Canada
William D. Regan & Ross G. Davidson
Clinical Research Department, Astra Pharma Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
Krista Nevin & Sergio Escobedo
Departments of Anaesthesia and Epidemiology, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
E. Mitmaker, M. J. Tessler, K. Kardash, S. J. Kleiman & M. Rossignol
Dept. of Anaesthesia and Thoracic Surgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario
L. Kahn, F. Baxter, A. Dauphin, P. Jackson, J. McChesney & L. Takeuchi
Dept. of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
C. Goldsmith, J. Miller & E. Young
Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Pine Ave West Room F9.16, H3A 1A1, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Kristine Klubien, Edith Bandi & Franco Carli
Department of Anesthesia, Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, M5T 2S8
Kathleen Dattilo, Doris Tong & Mohit Bhandari
Department of Anesthesia, Canada
Franco Carli, Kristine Klubien & Louise Mazza
School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Pine Ave West, H3A 1A1, Montreal, Quebec
Linda Wykes
Department of Anaesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
L. Z. Sommer, J. Rucker, A. Veseley, E. Levene, Y. Greenwald, G. Volgyesi, L. Fedorko, S. Iscoe & J. A. Fisher
Departments of Anaesthesia, St. Michael’s Hospital, 30 Bond St., M5B 1W8, Toronto, Ontario
Guo-Feng Tian, Andrew J. Baker, F. X. Reinders, A. J. Baker & J. I. M. Brown
The Playfair Neuroscience Unit, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
R. J. Moulton
Departments of Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, 30 Bond St., M5B 1W8, Toronto, Ontario
L. Schlichter
Dep. of Radiology, Medicine, CHUM-Pavilion Notre-Dame, 1560 Sherbrooke St East, H2L 4M1, Montréal, Québec
Eric Troncy, Laurence Van Tulder, Louis Blait, Thierry Ducruet, Martin Francœur & Gilbert Blaise
Labo. of Anæsthesia, Dep. of Anaesthesia, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Community Studies, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Canada
Stéphane Carignan, Julie Prénovault, Marc Charbonneau & Guy Cousineau
Dept of Anaesthesia and Div of Gastroenterology, St. Michael’s Hospital, 30 Bond Street, M5B 1W8, Toronto, Ontario
Jean-Paul Collet, Stan Shapiro, Daniel R. Wong, Michele McCall, Fergus Walsh, Regina Kurian, Mary Keith, Michael J. Sole, Kursheed N. Jeejeebhoy & C. David Mazer
Div of Cardiology, The Toronto Hospital, General Division, University of Toronto, Canada
Daniel R. Wong, Michele McCall, Fergus Walsh, Regina Kurian, Mary Keith, Michael J. Sole, Kursheed N. Jeejeebhoy & C. David Mazer
Departments of Anesthesiology and Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
E. Whitten, P. H. Norman, J. A. Aucar & L. A. Coveler
Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, and Department of Anaesthesia, Montreal Children’s Hospital, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec
Rodney M. Solgonick, Y. Bastien & Bruce Mazer
Playfair Neuroscience Unit, Toronto Hospital Research Institute, 399 Bathurst Street, M5T 2S8, Toronto, Ontario
Koji Lihara, Beverley A. Orser & Michael Tymianski
Department of Anaesthesia, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave, M4N 3M5, Toronto, Ontario
Koji Lihara, Beverley A. Orser & Michael Tymianski
Departments of Anaesthesia and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, T6G 2B7, Edmonton, Alberta
Brendan T. Finucane, Nuzhat Zaman, Ibrahim Kashkari, Soheir Tawfik & Yun K. Tarn
Departments of Anaesthesia and Thoracic Surgery, The Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, 585 University Avenue, M5G 2C4, Toronto, ON, Canada
Peter D. Slinger, Karen McRae, Timothy Winton, Alan N. Sandier, J. E. Zamora & Mary Jane Salpeter
Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Canada
Donglin Bai & John F. MacDonald
Departments of Anaesthesia, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave, M4N 3M5, Toronto, Ontario
Beverley A. Orser
UBC Department of Anaesthesia, Vancouver General Hospital, Room 2449-910 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
Kelly Mayson, Ed Gofton & Keith Chambers
Department of Anaesthesia, University of Toronto, St. Michael’s Hospital, 30 Bond Street, M5B 1W8, Toronto, Ontario
Susan E. Belo, J. Colin Kay & C. David Mazer
Department of Anaesthesia and Pharmacology & Toxicology, Queen’s University, K7L 3N6, Kingston, Ontario
Sean R. R. Hall, Louie Wang & Brian Milne
School of Pharmacy, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland
Chris Loomis
Dept. of Anesthesiology, Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 39216, Jackson, MS, USA
Brian K. Tsang, Zhi He & John H. Eichhorn
Dept. of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 39216, Jackson, MS, USA
Wichai Wougchanapai & Ing K. Ho
Dept. of Anesthesiology Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 39216, Jackson, MS, USA
Brian K. Tsang, Zhi He & John H. Eicnhorn
Dept. of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 39216, Jackson, MS, USA
Tangeng Ma, Wichai Wongchanapai & Ing K. Ho
Dept. of Anesthesiology Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 39216, Jackson, MS
Brian K. Tsang, Wichai Wongchanapai, Zhi He & John H. Eichhorn
Dept. of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 39216, Jackson, MS
Ing K. Ho
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Ireland
Damian B. Murphy & M. B. Murphy
Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Victoria Hospital and McGill Univ., 687 Pine Ave. West, H3A 1A1, Montreal, QC
Vincent Bonhomme, Pascal Meuret, Steven B. Backman, Gilles Plourde & Pierre Fiset
Depts. Anaesthesia, Physiology & Pharmacology, McGill University, 687 Pine Ave. West, H3A 1A1, Montreal, QC
Reuben D. Stein, Steven B. Backman, Brian Collier & Canio Polosa
Departments of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, and Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Chi-Yuan Li, Tz-Chong Chou & Jia-Yi Wang
Departments of Anaesthesia, St. Joseph’s Health Centre, Canada
John Fuller & Salvatore Spadafora
London Health Sciences Centre, N6A4V2, London, ON
Ronald Butler
Department of Anesthesia, University of Manitoba, LB315-60 Pearl Street, R3E 0Z3, Winnipeg, MB
Neil Donen & Laurence Brownell
Department of Anesthesia, University of Manitoba, 315-60 Pearl Street, R3E 0Z3, Winnipeg, Manitoba
Neil Donen & Laurence Brownell
Department of Anaesthesia, Foothills Medical Centre at The University of Calgary, 1409-29th Street N.W., T2N 2T9, Calgary, Alberta
Sandy Shysh, Keith Carter & Chris Eagle
Departments of Anaesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario
Isabella Devito & Stephen Halpern
Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Ave, M4N 3M5, Toronto, Ontario
J. Hugh Devitt, Doreen A. Yee, John L. deLacy & Donald C. Oxorn
Department of Anaesthesia, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, S7N 0W8, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
Gary F. Morris & Raymond W. Yip
Department of Anaesthesia and Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, University of Alberta Hospital, T6G2B7, Edmonton, Alberta
M. G. Gregoret-Quinn, R. F. Seal, LJ. Smith, A. B. Jones, C. Tang, A. S. Clanachan, B. J. Gallant & L. A. Nadwidny
Department of Anaesthesia, The University of Calgary, 1820 Richmond Rd. SW, T2T 5C7, Calgary, AB
Gerald V. Goresky & Tara Cowtan
Department of Anaesthesia and Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, B.C. Children’s Hospital, 4480 Oak Street, V6H 3V4, Vancouver, B.C.
Hilary S. Bridge, Carolyne J. Montgomery, Ross A. Kennedy & Pamela M. Merrick
Department of Anaesthesiology, Ibaraki Children’s Hospital Mito, 311-4145, Ibaraki-Prefecture, Japan
M. Yamashita & K. Wada
University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succ. A, Montreal
Sylvie LeMay
Department of anesthesia, University of Montreal, Montreal
Jean-François Hardy
Departments of Anaesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital/The Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, 600 University Avenue, M5G 1X5, Toronto, Ontario
Pamela Morgan & Jana Evers
Departments of Anaesthesia, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, 600 University Avenue, M5G 1X5, Toronto, Ontario
Steven Halpern
The Departments of Anaesthesia, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
P. Ronaldson, D. K. Rose, F. Dexter, M. M. Cohen & D. Wigglesworth
University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
P. Ronaldson, D. K. Rose, F. Dexter, M. M. Cohen & D. Wigglesworth
Depts of Anaesthesia, Astra, Canada
Desmond Writer, Holly Muir, Romesh Shukla, Rob Nunn, John Scovil, Jeremy Pridham, Ola Rosaeg, Allan Sandier, Patricia Morley-Foster, Simon Lucy, Lesley-Ann Crone & Karen Zimmer
Dalhousie University, Astra, Canada
Desmond Writer, Holly Muir, Romesh Shukla, Rob Nunn, John Scovil, Jeremy Pridham, Ola Rosaeg, Allan Sandier, Patricia Morley-Foster, Simon Lucy, Lesley-Ann Crone & Karen Zimmer
Memorial University, Astra, Canada
Desmond Writer, Holly Muir, Romesh Shukla, Rob Nunn, John Scovil, Jeremy Pridham, Ola Rosaeg, Allan Sandier, Patricia Morley-Foster, Simon Lucy, Lesley-Ann Crone & Karen Zimmer
U of Ottawa, Astra, Canada
Desmond Writer, Holly Muir, Romesh Shukla, Rob Nunn, John Scovil, Jeremy Pridham, Ola Rosaeg, Allan Sandier, Patricia Morley-Foster, Simon Lucy, Lesley-Ann Crone & Karen Zimmer
North York Hospital, Astra, Canada
Desmond Writer, Holly Muir, Romesh Shukla, Rob Nunn, John Scovil, Jeremy Pridham, Ola Rosaeg, Allan Sandier, Patricia Morley-Foster, Simon Lucy, Lesley-Ann Crone & Karen Zimmer
U of Western Ontario, Astra, Canada
Desmond Writer, Holly Muir, Romesh Shukla, Rob Nunn, John Scovil, Jeremy Pridham, Ola Rosaeg, Allan Sandier, Patricia Morley-Foster, Simon Lucy, Lesley-Ann Crone & Karen Zimmer
U of Manitoba, Astra, Canada
Desmond Writer, Holly Muir, Romesh Shukla, Rob Nunn, John Scovil, Jeremy Pridham, Ola Rosaeg, Allan Sandier, Patricia Morley-Foster, Simon Lucy, Lesley-Ann Crone & Karen Zimmer
U of Saskatchewan, Astra, Canada
Desmond Writer, Holly Muir, Romesh Shukla, Rob Nunn, John Scovil, Jeremy Pridham, Ola Rosaeg, Allan Sandier, Patricia Morley-Foster, Simon Lucy, Lesley-Ann Crone & Karen Zimmer
Departments of Anaesthesia and Obstetrics, BC Women’s Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
Deborah J. Wilson, Robert Heid, M. Joanne Douglas & Dan W. Rurak
Dept. of Anaesthesia, Hôpital Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, H3T 1C5, Montréal, Qc
Anna Fabrizi, Chantal T. Crochetière, Louise Roy, Edith Villeneuve & Louise Lortie
Department of Anaesthesia, Women’s College Hospital, The University of Toronto, 76 Grenville St., M5S 1B2, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Sandra Katsiris, Barbara Leighton, Stephen Halpern, Donna Wilson & Jean Kronberg
Anaesthesia Department, IWK Grace Health Centre, Dalhousie University, B3H 4N1, Halifax, Nova Scotia
Leszek Swica, Janet Midgley, Robert Nunn, Holly Muir, Romesh Shukla & Bruce Smith
Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, S7N 0W8, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
Michael E. Rooney, David C. Campbell, Celina M. Riben, Lesley-Ann Crone & Ray W. Yip
Department of Anaesthesia, Women’s College Hospital and the University of Toronto, 76 Grenville Street, M5S 1B2, Toronto, Ontario
Stephen Halpern
Departments of Anaesthesia, Faculty of Nursing University of Toronto, Women’s College Hospital, 76 Grenville Street, M5S 1B2, Toronto, Ontario
Stephen Halpern, Jo MacDonell, Tracey Levine & Donna Wilson
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Additional information
Supported by the Zeneca Pharma Inc. Canadian Research Award in Anaesthesia.
Supported by the Zeneca Pharma Inc. Canadian Research Award in Anaesthesia.
This study was supported by the Obstetric Section of the Canadian Anaesthetists Society
This study was supported by the Obstetric Section of the Canadian Anaesthetists Society
Supported by Respiratory Health Network of Centers of Excellence of Canada
Supported by a grant from ASTRA Canada
Supported by the Canadian Anaesthetist’s Society Research Award
Study funding provided by Astra Canada.
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Hurtado, C., Bradley, J., Burns, A.R. et al. Abstracts. Can J Anaesth 45 (Suppl 1), A3–A64 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03019217
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03019217
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