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Cancer œsophagien et rectal: indications du traitement endoscopique palliatif

Esophageal and rectal cancers: indications for endoscopie palliation

Cancer esofagico y rectal: indicaciones de tratamiento endoscopico paliativo

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Acta Endoscopica

RÉSUMÉ

Un grand nombre de cancers œsophagiens sont incurables au moment où le diagnostic est posé. Les malades porteurs d’un carcinome œsophagien incurable sont soumis à un traitement palliatif endoscopique ou radiothérapique.

Vraisemblablement, l’âge élevé et un nombre important de maladies intercurrentes sont les facteurs qui déterminent cette décision. De nombreux patients ne peuvent bénéficier d'une chirurgie thoraco-abdominale majeure et sont traités par d’autres procédés. Le but de l’attitude palliative est de débarrasser les malades des symptomes dus à la lésion locale pendant la courte période de survie qui suit le diagnostic.

Le cancer colo-rectal a un meilleur pronostic et l’incurabilité n’écarte pas nécessairement la chirurgie. Le traitement palliatif endoscopique d’un cancer rectal localement invasif ne doit être envisagé que si l’espérance de vie du malade est courte, ou si celui-ci est exposé à un haut risque ou encore n’est pas capable d’affronter une colostomie.

Summary

A large number of esophageal cancer will be incurable at the time the diagnosis is made. Patients with incurable esophageal carcinoma should be treated by endoscopic palliation or palliative radiotherapy. Likewise high age and significant intercurrent disease is a major factor in decision making. Many patients will not be fit to undergo major thoraco-abdominal surgery and should be managed by other modalities. Palliation should aim at keeping patients free of symptoms of local disease during the short survival period after diagnosis.

Colorectal cancer has better prognosis and incurability does not mean avoidance of surgery. Only when life expectancy of the patient is short and the patient is at high risk or will not be able to cope with a colostomy, endoscopic palliation of locally advanced rectal carcinoma should be considered.

RESUMEN

Un gran número de cánceres esofágicos son incurables en el momento en el que se establece su diagnóstico. Los pacientes portadores de carcinoma esofágico incurable son sometidos a tratamiento paliativo endoscópico o radioterápico.

Muy probablemente el motivo de tal decisión terapéutica viene dada por la edad elevada de los pacientes y el número importante de enfermedades intercurrentes que padecen. Buen número de pacientes no pueden beneficiarse de una Cirugía tóraco-abdominal y son tratados por otros procedimientos. El objetivo de tal actitud paliativa es el de eliminar los sintomas debidos a la localización del tumor en el corto período de sobrevida que sigue al diagnóstico.

El cáncer colorectal tiene un mejor pronóstico y la incurabilidad no limita necesariamente una indicación quirúrgica, El tratamiento endoscópico paliativo de un cáncer rectal con invasión local sólo deberá indicarse en el caso en el que la esperanza de vida sea corta, el riesgo sea elevado o cuando el paciente no sea capazode aceptar una colostomía.

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Rutgeerts, P., Sprengers, D. & Vantrappen, G. Cancer œsophagien et rectal: indications du traitement endoscopique palliatif. Acta Endosc 18, 151–157 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02973466

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02973466

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