Abstract
A computer program for preliminary cost estimates of free and immobilized enzyme systems has been developed. The cost for the hydrolysis of lactose by β-galactosidase fromAspergillus oryzae has been calculated for a batch tank reactor, with free (BTRF) and immobilized (BTRI) enzymes, a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and a plug-flow tubular reactor (PFTR), considering the mass transfer behavior and deactivation of the enzyme.
Enzyme immobilization is economically feasible, compared with a system with free enzymes, despite a very high cost for the enzyme attachment. At a half-life time of 80 d, the PFTR gives the lowest cost (0.48 SEK/kg lactose), but the cost for the BTRI is just slightly higher (0.66 SEK/kg lactose) and still much lower than the BTRF (2.10 SEK/kg lactose).
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Abbreviations
- Bi:
-
Biot number=kext-R/Des(-)
- c:
-
dimensionless concentration of lactose
- Des :
-
effective diffusion coefficient for lactose (m2/s)
- Dep :
-
effective diffusion coefficient for galactose (m2/s)
- E:
-
enzyme concentration (kg/m3)
- I:
-
inhibitor (galactose) concentration (kg/m3)
- Km :
-
Michaelis-Menten constant (kg lactose/m3)
- K1 :
-
inhibitor constant (kg galactose/m3)
- k:
-
rate constant (kg lactose/kg/s)
- kext :
-
mass transfer coefficient (m/s)
- R:
-
radius of bead (m)
- rs :
-
reaction rate rate (kg/m3/s)
- r:
-
dimensionless radial distance within bead ( - )
- S:
-
concentration of lactose (kg/m3)
- t:
-
time (s)
- subscript i:
-
interface between bead and external liquid
- δ:
-
quotient = Des/Dep
- Ø:
-
Thiele module = (k-E-R2/Des/km)0.5; γ
- 1 :
-
dimensionless constant = Sb/Km
- γ2 :
-
dimensionless constant=Ib/Km
- γ3 :
-
dimensionless constant =Sb/Ki
- η:
-
effectiveness factor, defined by Eq. (5)
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Axelsson, A., Zacchi, G. Economic evaluation of the hydrolysis of lactose using immobilized β-galactosidase. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 24, 679–693 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02920288
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02920288