Resumen
El propósito fue realizar un estudio retrospectivo de 133 pacientes afectados por un carcinoma rectal en el cual se ha comparado la supervivencia, la supervivencia libre de recurrencia local y las complicaciones de 61 pacientes tratados con radioterapia preoperatorio con 72 pacientes tratados solamente con cirugía.
En cuanto al material y los métodos, se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de 61 pacientes que fueron sometidos a tratamiento radioterápico y quirúrgico por cáncer colorrectal y 72 que fueron sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico (1990–1996). El tratamiento radioterápico consistió en la administración de 44 Gy en 22 fracciones con acelerador lineal de electrones de 18 Mv y a las 3–4 semanas se realizó la cirugía.
La supervivencia global fue del 64,03% en el grupo irradiado y del 42,4% en el grupo quirúrgico (p=0,19). La supervivencia libre de enfermedad del 64,97% y del 33,6%, respectivamente (p=0,0003), y la supervivencia libre de recurrencia local del 81,5% y del 37,5% (p=0,0001), respectivamente.
La radioterapia preoperatoria más cirugía a las 3–4 semanas reduce significativamente el número de recidivas locales en comparación con el tratamiento quirúrgico y podría mejorar también la supervivencia.
Abstract
A retrospective study of 133 patients with rectal cancer was undertaken to compare survival, diseasefree survival and complications of 61 treated with preoperative radiotherapy with those of 72 patients treated by resection alone.
We studied 133 patients, 61 patients who were treated with radiotherapy and surgery and 72 patients with surgery alone (1990–1996). Radiotherapy consisted in giving 44 Gy in 22 fractions with an 18 Mv lineal accelerator with surgery being performed 3–4 weeks later.
The global survival was 64,03% in irradiated group and 42,4% in surgical group (p=0,19). The free-disease survival was 64,9% and 33,6% (p=0,003) and local free recurrence survival was 81,5% and 37,5% (p=0,0001) respectively.
The use of the preoperative radiotherapy and surgery in the rectal cancer reduces the local failure and can improve survival.
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Fernández Fernández, M.d.C., de Sáenz Tejada, L.E., Jiménez Gamero, M.D. et al. Radioterapia preoperatoria frente a cirugía como tratamiento en el carcinoma de recto. Rev Oncol 3, 22–27 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02711768
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02711768