Resumen
El cáncer de próstata ocupa el cuarto lugar de incidencia en los varones y se estimó que en 1990 aparecieron más de 396.000 casos en el mundo. Su incidencia se incrementa después de los 50 años de edad y muestra grandes diferencias en la distribución de acuerdo con la raza y la región geográfica. Las tasas más elevadas se observan en los afroamericanos y las más bajas en los habitantes de China y Japón. El 90% de las muertes ocurren después de los 65 años y la supervivencia ha mejorado en la última década. En México el cáncer de próstata fue la segunda causa de mortalidad por tumores malignos en 1998. La etiología es desconocida y los factores de riesgo más estudiados incluyen a los hormonales, sexuales y reproductivos, así como estilo de vida, ocupación, historia familiar y hábitos dietéticos. El incremento en las tasas de incidencia se ha interpretado como resultado de mayor vigilancia de la población en riesgo con diagnósticos más agresivos y tamizaje. La complejidad de la enfermedad y la falta de certeza de las pruebas que se utilizan para la detección temprana obliga a que la población cuente con toda la información necesaria sobre esta neoplasia.
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the fourth most frequent cancer of men overall. In 1990 the estimated number of cases was 396,000 plus. Incidence of prostate cancer increases with age, almost all cases are diagnosed in men over age 50. Variation in incidence rates by race and country are observed. African-americans have the highest prostate cancer incidence rates in the world; the disease is rare in China and Japan. More than 90% of deaths occurred in men after age 65, but survival has improved in last decade. In Mexico prostate cancer was the second cause of mortality by cancer in men. Although the etiology is unknown, risk factors proposed involve hormonal, sexual and reproductive patterns, lifestyle, ccupation, family history and dietary practices. Prostate incidence rates increased probably due to earlier diagnosis and screening.
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Bernal, L.S. Epidemiología del cáncer de próstata. Rev Oncol 3, 11–21 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02711767
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02711767