Abstract
The influence of pretreatment and activation conditions on anthracite activation was investigated. Separation of low ash coals by using dense media was conducted to obtain appropriate raw materials for activation. Activated carbons were produced from crushed and granule coals by physical activation (steam or CO2) and physical activation with chemical pretreatment in mild and strong conditions. Microporous activated carbons having a surface area of 900 m2/g were produced by steam activation from granules with 60% burn-off for 3 hrs of activation. Chemical pretreatment at the strong condition increased the surface area by 30% as compared with non-treated activated carbons. Chemical pretreatment, in general, affected activation degree, so pore volume increased by 20% and burn-off increased remarkably at the identical activation conditions. CO2 activation was proven to be an effective method for producing microporous activated carbons having an average pore diameter of 20 å.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Adamson, A. W., “Physical Chemistry of Surfaces” John Wiley & Sons, New York (1982).
Bessant, G. A. R. and Walker Jr., P. L., “Activation of Anthracite: Using Carbon Dioxide Versus Air”,Carbon,32(6), 1171 (1994).
Choi, J. H., Park, Y. S., Park, Y. O., Park, W. H. and Son, J. E., “Effect of Entrainment on Combustion Efficiency of High Ash Anthracite in Fluidized Bed Combustors”,Korean J. Chem. Eng.,2, 111 (1985).
Daulan, C., Lyubchik, S. B., Rouzaud, J. and Beguim, F., “Influence of Anthracite Pretreatment in the Preparation of Activated Carbons”Fuel,77(6), 495 (1998).
Ehrburger, P., Addoun, A., Addoun, F. and Donnet, J., “Carbonization of Coals in the Presence of Alkaline Hydroxides and Carbonates: Formation of Activated Carbons”,Fuel,65, 1447 (1986).
Gergova, K., Eser, S. and Schobert, H. H., “Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbons from Anthracite”,Energy & Fuel,7, 661 (1993).
Gergova, K., Eser, S., Schobert, H. H., Klimkiewicz, M. and Brown, P. W., “Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy of Activated Carbon Production from Anthracite by One-step Pyrolysis-Activation”,Fuel,74(7), 1042 (1995).
Illán-Gomez, M. J., Garcia-Garcia, A., Salinas-Martinez de Lecea, C. and Linares-Solano, A., “Activated Carbons from Spanish Coals. 2. Chemical Activation”,Energy & Fuel,10, 1108 (1996).
Jung, Y. W. and Park, D. K., “Fluidized Bed Combustion of High Ash Anthracite: Analysis of Combustion Efficiency and Particle Size Distribution”,Korean J. Chem. Eng.,5, 109 (1988).
Khoury, D. L., “Coal Cleaning Technology”, Noyes Data Corporation, New Jersey, 215 (1981).
Lee, S. H. and Choi, C. S., “Chemical Activation of High Sulfur Petroleum Cokes by Alkali Metal Compounds”,Fuel Process. Technol.,64, 141 (2000).
Lee, S. H. and Shon, E. K., “Changes in Combustion Characteristics of Coals after Treatment with Molten Caustic Leaching”,HWAHAK KONGHAK,32, 376 (1994).
Lee, S. H. and Shon, E. K., “Effect of Molten Caustic Leaching on the Combustion Characteristics of Anthracite”,Fuel,76, 241 (1997).
Lyubchik, S. B., Benaddi, H., Shapranov, V. V. and Béguin, F., “Activated Carbons from Chemically Treated Anthracite”,Carbon,35(1), 162 (1997).
Martine-Martinez, J. M., Torregrosa-Maciá, R. and Mittelmijer-Hazeleger, M. C., “Mechanisms of Adsorption of CO2 in the Micopores of Activated Anthracite”,Fuel,74(1), 111 (1995).
Mittelmijer-Hazeleger, M. C. and Martine-Martinez, J. M., “Microporosity Development by CO2 Activation of an Anthracite Studied by Physical Adsorption of Gases, Mercury Porosimetry, and Scanning Electron Microscopy”,Carbon,30, 695 (1992).
Muñoz-Guillena, M. J., Illán-Gomez, M. J., Martine-Martinez, J. M., Linares-Solano, A. and Salinas-Martinez de Lecea, C., “Activated Carbons from Spanish Coals. 1. Two-Stage CO2 Activation”,Energy & Fuel,6, 9 (1992).
Otowa, T., Tanibata, R. and Itoh, M., “Production and Adsorption Characteristics of MAXORB: High-Surface-Area Active Carbon”,Gas. Sep. Purif.,7, 241 (1993).
Patel, R. L., Nandi, S. P. and Walker Jr., P. L., “Molecular Sieve Characteristics of Slightly Activated Anthracite”,Fuel,51, 47 (1972).
Senkan, S. M. and Fuller Jr., E. L., “Effect of NaOH Treatment on Surface Properties of Coal”,Fuel,58, 729 (1979).
Serrano-Talavera, B., Muñoz-Guillena, M. J., Linares-Solano, A. and Salinas-Martinez de Lecea, C., “Activated Carbons from Spanish Coals. 3. Preoxidation Effect on Anthracite Activation”,Energy & Fuel,11, 785 (1997).
Walker Jr., P. L. and Almagro, A., “Activation of Pre-chlorinated Anthracite in Carbon Dioxide and Steam”,Carbon,33(2), 239 (1995).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, S.H., Lee, C.D. Influence of pretreatment and activation conditions in the preparation of activated carbons from anthracite. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 18, 26–32 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02707194
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02707194