Abstract
Dispersion stability and microstructural transition of colloidal silica suspensions were examined by rheological measurements under either steady simple shear or oscillatory flow. Monodisperse silica particles were prepared by the so-called modified Stöber method and were stabilized by either steric or electrostatic repulsive force. Depending upon the methods of stabilization, the suspension showed hard-sphere or soft-sphere response. In particular, silica suspensions exhibited hard-sphere response when the silica spheres coated with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MPTS; (CH3O)3Si(CH2)3OCOC(CH3)=CH2) were dispersed in a refractive-index matching solvent, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. On the other hand, silica particles in aqueous media behaved like soft spheres with long-range electrostatic repulsive interactions when they were coated with steric layer of aminosilane coupling agent, N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine ((CH3O)3Si(CH2)3NHCH2CH2NH2). In this case, the electrostatic repulsion or equivalently the softness of the silica spheres was controlled by the ionic strength using a symmetric salt KCl. Both the hard-sphere and soft-sphere suspensions showed stable shear-thinning behavior without experiencing shear-induced flocculation. Moreover, the oscillatory shear rheology showed that the electrostatically stabilized soft-sphere suspensions underwent a microstructural transition from liquid-like to solid-like structure when either the particle loading increased or the ionic strength was reduced.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Barnes, H. A., Hutton, J. F. and Walters, K., “An Introduction to Rheology”, Elsevier Science Publishers, New York, USA (1989a).
Barnes, H. A., “Shear-Thickening (Dilatancy) in Suspension of Non-segregating Solid Particles Dispersed in Newtonian Fluids”,J. Rheol.,33, 329 (1989b).
Bogush, G. H., Tracy, M. A. and Zukoski, C. G., “Preparation of Monodisperse Silica Particles: Control of Size and Mass Fraction”,J. Non-Cryst. Solids,104, 95 (1988).
Brady, J. F., “Computer Simulation of Viscous Suspensions”,Chem. Eng. Sci.,56, 2921 (2001).
Chen, L. B., Ackerson, B. J. and Zukoski, C. F., “Rheological Consequences of Microstructural Transitions in Colloidal Crystals,”J. Rheol.,38, 193 (1994).
Chow, M. K. and Zukoski, C. F., “Nonequilibrium Behavior of Dense Suspensions of Uniform Particles: Volume Fraction and Size Dependence of Rheology and Microstructure,”J. Rheol.,39, 33 (1995a).
Chow, M. K. and Zukoski, C. F., “Gap Size and Shear History Dependencies in Shear Thickening of a Suspension Ordered at Rest,”J. Rheol.,39, 15 (1995b).
Fagan, M. E. and Zukoski, C. F., “The Rheology of Charge Stabilized Silica Suspensions,”J. Rheol.,41, 373 (1997).
Foss, D. R. and Brady, J. F., “Structure, Diffusion and Rheology of Brownian Suspensions by Stokesian Dynamics Simulation,”J. Fluid Mech.,407, 167 (2000).
Franks, G. V., Zhou, Z., Duin, N. J. and Boger, D. V., “Effect of Inter-particle Forces on Shear Thickening of Oxide Suspensions,”J. Rheol.,44, 759 (2000).
Gast, A. P. and Russel, W. B., “Simple Ordering in Complex Fluids,”Physics Today,51(12), 24 (1998).
Kose, A., Ozaka, M., Takano, K., Kobayashi, Y. and Hachisu, S., “Direct Observation of Ordered Latex Suspension by Metallurgical Microscope,”J. Colloid Interface Sci.,44, 330 (1973).
Kose, A. and Hachisu, S., “Ordered Structure in Weakly Flocculated Monodisperse Latex,”J. Colloid Interface Sci.,55, 487 (1976).
Larson, R. G., “The Structure and Rheology of Complex Fluids,” Oxford University Press, New York, USA (1999).
Laun, H. M., Bung, R., Hess, S., Loose, W., Hess, O., Hahn, K., Hadfnicke, E., Hingmann, R., Schmidt, F. and Lindner, P., “Rheological and Small Angle Neutron Scattering Investigation of Shear-induced Particle Structures of Concentrated Polymer Dispersions Submitted to Plane Poiseuille and Couette Flow,”J. Rheol.,36, 743 (1992).
Lee, J.-D. and Yang, S.-M., “Rheo-optical Behavior and Stability of Silica Particle Suspension Coated with Silane Coupling Agents,”J. Colloid Interface Sci.,205, 397 (1998).
Lee, J.-D., So, J.-H. and Yang, S.-M., “Rheological Behavior and Stability of Concentrated Silica Suspensions,”J. Rheol.,43, 1117 (1999).
Lewis, J. A., “Colloidal Processing of Ceramics,”J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 83, 2341 (2000).
Oh, M.-H., So, J.-H., Lee, J.-D. and Yang, S.-M., “Preparation of Silica Dispersion and its Phase Stability in the Presence of Salts,”Korean J. Chem. Eng.,16, 532 (1999).
Perez, M. Q., Fernandez, J. C. and Alvarez, R. H., “Interaction Potentials, Structural Ordering and Effective Charges in Dispersions of Charged Colloidal Particles,”Adv. Colloid Interface Sci.,95, 295 (2002).
Philipse, A. P. and Vrij, A., “Preparation and Properties of Nonaqueous Model Dispersions of Chemically Modified, Charged Silica Spheres,”J. Colloid Interface Sci.,128, 121 (1989).
Quemada, D. and Berli, C., “Energy of Interaction in Colloids and its Implications in Rheological Modeling,”Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 98, 51 (2002).
Russel, W. B., Saville, D. A. and Schowalter, W. R., “Colloidal Dispersion,” Cambridge University Press, New York, USA (1989).
So, J.-H., Bae, S., Yang, S.-M. and Kim, D., “Preparations of Silica Slurry for Wafer Polishing Via Controlled Growth of Commercial Silica Seeds,”KoreanJ. Chem. Eng.,18, 547 (2001a).
So, J.-H., Oh, M.-H., Lee, J.-D. and Yang, S.-M., “Effects of Polyvinyl Alcohol on the Rheological Behavior and Phase Stability of Aqueous Silica Suspensions,”J. Chem. Eng. Japan,34, 262 (2001b).
So, J.-H., Yang, S.-M. and Hyun, J. C., “Microstructure Evolution and Rheological Behavior of Hard Sphere Suspensions,”Chem. Eng. Sci.,56, 2967 (2001c).
So, J.-H., Yang, S.-M., Kim, C. and Hyun, J. C., “Microstructure and Rheological Behavior of Electrosterically Stabilized Silica Particle Suspensions,”Colloids and Surfaces A,190, 89 (2001d).
Stavov, V., Zhdanov, V., Meireles, M. and Molle, C., “Viscosity of Concentrated Suspensions: Influence of Cluster Formation,”Adv. Colloid Interface Sci.,96, 279 (2002).
Stöber, W., Fink, A. and Bohn, E., “Controlled Growth of Monodisperse Silica Spheres in the Micron Size Range,”J. Colloid Interface Sci.,26, 62 (1968).
Tadros, Th. F., “Correlation of Viscoelastic Properties of Stable and Flocculated Suspensions with their Interparticle Interactions,”Adv. Colloid Interface Sci.,68, 97 (1996).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
So, JH., Oh, WK. & Yang, SM. Microstructure and phase behavior of concentrated silica particle suspensions. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 21, 921–928 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02705572
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02705572