Abstract
An expression for centerline mean velocity distributions for circular and noncircular confined turbulent jets has been obtained by assuming self-preservation of flow downstream of the jet potential core. It was assumed that the velocity decay was not only dependent on the streamwise distancex in terms ofx/d, as in the case of free jets, but also on the ratio of the orifice diameterd to the confining pipe diameterD. To validate the expression and to determine the empirical constants, measurements of the centerline velocities within the confined jets issuing from different size circular orifices and various noncircular orifices of different shapes were conducted. The results indicate that the validity of the expression is restricted tod/D≤0.25 and is weakly dependent on the particular orifice shape. It is suggested that, as for the case of free turbulent jets reported earlier, that this expression may be used potentially to predict the valvular lesion size or to estimate the volume of valvular regurgitation for confined jets provided the value ofD, which corresponds to the “atrial diameter”, is known or statistically available.
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Abbreviations
- A :
-
cross-sectional area of the orifice
- C 1 :
-
numerical constant in Eq. 1
- C2, C3 :
-
numerical constants in Eq. 8
- d :
-
diameter of the circular orifice
- de :
-
equivalent diameter of the noncircular orifice
- d * :
-
predicted diameter
- D :
-
diameter of the confining pipe
- Qo :
-
volume flowrate at the orifice
- r :
-
radial distance from the jet axis
- Re :
-
Reynolds number (based onUo and eitherd orde)
- Ru :
-
half-velocity radius (corresponding tor, whereU=Um/2)
- U :
-
axial mean velocity
- Uo :
-
mean flow velocity at the orifice
- Um :
-
mean centerline velocity at a distancex from orifice
- x :
-
axial distance from the orifice
- α, γ, δ, ε:
-
experimental constants in Eq. 17
- η:
-
percentage accuracy in the prediction ofd orde
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Liu, H., Winoto, S.H. & Shah, D.A. Velocity measurements within confined turbulent jets: Application to cardiovalvular regurgitation. Ann Biomed Eng 25, 939–948 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02684130
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02684130