Abstract
Two experimental techniques were developed for the purpose of measuring the heat-transfer coefficient between liquid slags/salts and solid surfaces. This was carried out because the heat-transfer coefficient is important for the design and operation of metallurgical reactors. A “cold-finger” technique was developed for the purpose of carrying out heat-transfer measurements during steady-state conditions simulating heat fluxes through furnace sidewalls. A lump capacitance method was developed and tested for the purpose of simulating transient conditions. To determine the effect of fluid flow on the heat-transfer coefficient, nitrogen gas stirring was used. The two techniques were tested in molten (1) and NaNO3, (2) NaCl, (3) Na3AlF6, and (4) 2FeO·SiO2, giving consistent results. It was found that the heat-transfer coefficient increases with increasing bath superheat and stirring.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
B. Wasmund: Hatch Associates, Toronto, CanActa, private communication, July 1992.
W. Haupin: inLight Metals, T.G. Hdgeworth, ed., 100th AIME Annual Meeting, 1971, pp. 184–94.
J.G. Peacey and G.W. Mediin: inLight Metals, W.S. Peterson, ed., 108th AIME Annual Meeting, New Orleans, Feb. 1979, pp. 475–92.
H. Tsukahara, N. Ono, and K. Fujita: inLight Metals, J.E. Andersen, ed., 111th AIME Annual Meeting, Dallas, Feb. 1982, pp. 471–82.
J. Thonstad and S. Rolseth: inLight Metals, E.M. Adkin, ed., 112th AIME Annual Meeting, Atlanta, March 1983, pp. 415–24.
A. Solheim and J. Thonstad: inLight Metals, E.M. Adkins, ed., 112th AIME Annual Meeting, Atlanta, March 1983, pp. 425–35.
M.P. Taylor, B.J. Welch, and J.T. Keniry: inLight Metals, E.M. Adkins, ed., 112th AIME Annual Meeting, Atlanta, March 1983, pp. 437–47.
M.P. Taylor: Ph.D. Thesis, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, 1984.
T. Ohta and T. Matsushima: inLight Metals, J.P. McGeer, ed., 113th AIME Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, Feb. 1984, pp. 689–99.
W. Schmidt-Hatting, J.M. Blanc, J.C. Bessard, and R.V. Kaenel: inLight Metals, H.O. Bohner, ed., 114th AIME Annual Meeting, New York, Feb. 1985, pp. 609–24.
M.P. Taylor, B.J. Welch, and R. McKibbin:AIChE J., 1986, vol. 32, pp. 1459–65.
M.P. Taylor and B.J. Welch:Metall. Trans. B, 1987, vol. 18B, pp. 391–98.
Y.R. Gan and J. Thonstad: inLight Metals, C.M. Bickert, ed., 119th AIME Annual Meeting, Anaheim, Feb. 1990, pp. 421–27.
T.A. Utigard, A. Warczok, and P. Desclaux: inExtraction, Refining and Fabrication of Light Metals, Proceedings, CIM Annual Meeting, Ottawa, Aug. 1991, vol. 24, pp. 163–76.
A. Warczok, T.A. Utigard, and P. Desclaux: inProceedings, The Savard/Lee Int. Symp. on Bath Smelting, Montreal, Oct. 1992.
S. Bagha, N.C. Machingawuta, and P. Grieveson: inProceedings, 3rd Int. Conf. on Molten Slags and Fluxes, June 1988, Glasgow, The Institute of Metals, M&A Thompson Litho Ltd., pp. 235–40.
K.E. Scholey, G.G. Richards, and I.V. Samarasekera:Metall. Trans. B, 1991, vol. 22B, pp. 163–75.
A.C. Mikrovas, S.A. Argyropoulos, and I.D. Sommerville:Trans. ISS, Dec. 1991, pp. 51–61.
J. Naumann, G. Foo, and J.F. Elliott: inExtractive Metallurgy of Copper, International Symposium, Las Vegas, 1976, The Metallurgical Soc. of AIME, J.C. Yannopoulos and J.C. Agarwal, eds., pp. 237–58.
N.J. Themelis and P. Goyal:Can. Metall. Q., 1983, vol. 22, pp. 313–20.
W. Haupin: inLight Metals, E.R. Cutshall, ed., 121th AIME Annual Meeting, San Diego, March 1992, pp. 477–80.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Utigard, T.A., Warczok, A. & Desclaux, P. The measurement of the heat-transfer coefficient between high-temperature liquids and solid surfaces. Metall Mater Trans B 25, 43–51 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02663177
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02663177