Abstract
A structural investigation has heen conducted to explain variations in the hot working characteristics of 25 pct Cr-6 pct Ni stainless steels over a broad range of temperatures. The difficulties in hot working flat products previously associated with a two phase ferriteaustenite structure are shown to be related to the formation of a cellular aggregate of chromium carbide and austenite at ferrite-austenite interfaces. These difficulties may be avoided in two ways. 1) Starting hot working at temperatures where the structure of the steel is substantially all ferrite. 2) Limiting the formation of the cellular aggregate of chromium carbide and austenite either by melting to carbon contents less than 0.03 pct or by adding stoichiometric amounts of a strong carbide forming element such as titanium to combine with excess carbon. This compositional control allows hot working of flat products over a broad range of starting temperatures. There appears to be no criticality in carbon control for successful hot working of bar products over the broad range of starting temperatures.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
R. C. Gibson, H. W. Hayden, and J. H. Brophy:Trans. ASM, 1968, vol. 61, p. 85.
J. H. G. Monypenny:Stainless Iron and Steel, vol. 1, 3rd ed., pp. 87, 125, and 126 and vol. II, pp. 224 and 252, Chapman Hall, Ltd., London, 1951.
J. M. Camp and C. B. Francis:The Making, Shapingand Treating of Steel, 6th ed., p. 1321, U.S. Steel Co., Pittsburgh, 1951.
H. E. McGannon:The Making, Shapingand Treating of Steel, 8th ed., p. 1118, U. S. Steel Co., Pittsburgh, 1964.
Metals Handbook: 8th ed., vol. I, p. 424, ASM, Metals Park, Ohio, 1961.
A. E. Nehrenberg and P. Lillys:Trans. ASM, 1954, vol. 46, p. 1176.
K. Kuo:J. Iron Steel Inst., 1954, vol. 176, p. 433.
K. Kuo:J. Iron Steel Inst., 1955, vol. 81, p. 128.
K. Kuo:J. Iron Steel Inst., 1955, vol. 181, p. 134.
K. Kuo:J. Iron Steel Inst., 1955, vol. 181, p. 213.
K. Kuo:J. Iron Steel Inst., 1955, vol. 181, p. 218.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Formerly with the International Nickel Co.,Paul D. Merica Research Laboratory
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Merrick, H.F., Hayden, H.W. & Gibson, R.C. The effect of carbon and titanium on the hot workability of 25Cr-6Ni stainless steels. Metall Trans 4, 827–832 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02643093
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02643093