Summary
The majority of naturally occurring biological and chemical toxins are highly lethal, nonproteinaceous, low molecular weight substances which exert their toxicity through a variety of mechanisms. Their relative small size and extreme in vivo toxicity have hampered the development of protective vaccines. We have investigated the feasibility of anti-idiotype-based vaccines which utilize antibodies for inducing a systemic and protective immunity against the in vivo toxicity of some of these toxic substances. A murine IgG1 monoclonal anti-T-2 mycotoxin antibody protective against mycotoxin toxicity was generated. This antibody was used to produce a second generation monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody which was capable of serologically mimicking the tertiary conformation of the nominal antigen, i.e., T-2 mycotoxin. Administration of the monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody to mice induced a circulating and protective antibody response against the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of T-2 mycotoxin. Antibody-based vaccines may represent the only safe and effective strategy for the design of protective vaccines against small nonproteinaceous toxic compounds whose extreme toxicity prevents their use as safe immunogens. The potential of antibody-based vaccines for producing protective immunity against low molecular weight chemical and biological toxins is discussed.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Ardman B, Khiroya RH, Schwartz RS, Recognition of a leukemia related antigen by an anti-idiotypic antiserum to an anti-gp70 monoclonal antibody. J Exp Med 161:669, 1985
Attanasio R, Allan JS, Anderson SA, Chanh TC, Kennedy RC, Anti-idiotypic antibody response to monoclonal anti-CD4 preparations in nonhuman primate species. J Immunol 146:507, 1991
Bamburg JR, Strong FM, 12,13-Epoxytrichothecenes. In: Kadis S, Ciegler A, Ajl SJ (eds). Microbial toxins: algal and fungal toxins. Academic Press, New York, pp 207–292, 1971
Barel M, Fiandino A, Delcayre AX, Lyamani F, Frade R, Monoclonal anti-idiotypic anti-EBV/C3d receptor antibodies detect two binding sites, one for EBV and one for C3d on glycoprotein 140, the EBV/C3dR, expressed on human B lymphocytes. J Immunol 141:1590, 1988
Bona CA, Kohler H. Anti-idiotypic antibodies and internal images. In: Venter JC, Fraser CM, Lindstrom J (eds) Monoclonal and antiidiotypic antibodies: probes for receptor structure and function. Liss, New York, pp 141–149, 1984
Bower DJ, Hart RJ, Matthews PA, Howden MEH, Nonprotein neurotoxins. Clin Toxicol 18:813, 1981
Cannon M, Smith KE, Carter CJ, Prevention by ribosome-bound nascent polyphenylalanine chains, of the functional interaction of T-2 toxin with its receptor site. Biochem J 156:289, 1976
Chanh TC, Hewetson JF, Structure/function studies of the T-2 mycotoxin with a monoclonal antibody. Immunopharmacology 21:83, 1991
Chanh TC, Dreesman GR, Kennedy RC, Monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody mimics the CD4 receptor and binds human immunodeficiency virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:3891, 1987
Chanh TC, Huot RI, Schick MR, Hewetson JF, Anti-idiotypic antibodies against a monoclonal antibody specific for the trichothecene mycotoxin T-2. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 100:201, 1989
Chanh TC, Rappacciolo G, Hewetson JF, Monoclonal anti-idiotype induces protection against the cytotoxicity of the trichothecene mycotoxin T-2. J Immunol 144:4721, 1990
Chu FS, Grossman S, Wei RD, Mirocha CJ, Production of antibody against T-2 toxin. Appl Environ Microbiol 37:104, 1979
Colquhoun D, Henderson R, Ritchie JM, The binding of labelled tetrodotoxin to non-myelinated nerve fibers. J Physiol (Lond) 227:95, 1972
Ertl HCJ, Finberg RW, Sendai virus-specific T-cell clones: induction of cytolytic T cells by an anti-idiotypic antibody directed against a helper T-cell clone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:2850, 1984
Evans MH, Tetrodotoxin, saxitoxin, and related substances: their applications in neurobiology. Int Rev Neurobiol 15:83, 1972
Fairhurst S, Marrs TC, Parker HC, Scawin JW, Swanston DW, Acute toxicity of T-2 in rats, mice, guinea pigs, and pigeons. Toxicology 43:31, 1987
Gaulton GN, Greene MI, Idiotypic mimicry of biological receptors. Annu Rev Immunol 4:253, 1986
Gell PGH, Moss PAH, Production of cell-mediated immune response to herpes simplex virus by immunization with anti-idiotypic heteroantisera. J Gen Virol 66:1801, 1985
Ghosal S, Biswas K, Srivastava RS, Chakrabarti DK, Basuchaudhary KC, Toxic substances produced byFusarium V: occurrence of zearalenone, diacetoxyscirpenol, and T-2 toxin in moldy corn infected withFusarium moniliforme Sheld. J Pharm Sci 67:1768, 1978
Herlyn D, Ross AH, Koprowski H, Anti-idiotypic antibodies bear the internal image of a human tumor antigen. Science 232:100, 1986
Hunter KW, Brimfield AA, Miller M, Finkelman FD, Chu SF, Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the trichothecene mycotoxin T-2. Appl Environ Microbiol 49:168, 1985
Huot RI, Armstrong DL, Chanh TC, In vitro and in situ inhibition of the sodium channel blocker saxitoxin by monoclonal antibodies. J Toxicol Environ Health 27:381, 1989
Huot RI, Armstrong DL, Chanh TC, Protection against nerve toxicity by monoclonal antibodies to the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin. J Clin Invest 83:1821, 1989
Kaufmann S, Eichmann K, Muller I, Wrazel L, Vaccination against the intracellular bacteriumListeria monocytogenes with a clonotypic antiserum. J Immunol 134:1423, 1985
Keay S, Rasmussen L, Merigan TC, Syngeneic monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies that bear the internal image of a human cytomegalovirus neutralizing epitope. J Immunol 140:944, 1988
Kennedy RC, Adler-Storthz K, Henkel RD, Sanchez Y, Melnick JL, Dreesman GR, Immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen: enhancement by prior injection of antibodies to the idiotype. Science 221:853, 1983
Kennedy RC, Adler-Storthz K, Burns JW, Henkel RD, Dreesman GR, Anti-idiotype modulation of herpes simplex virus infection leading to increased pathogenicity. J Virol 50:951, 1984
Kennedy RC, Dreesman GR, Butel JS, Lanford RE, Suppression of in vivo tumor formation induced by simian virus 40-transformed cells in mice receiving anti-idiotypic antibodies. J Exp Med 161:1432, 1985
Kennedy RC, Zhou EM, Lanford RE, Chanh TC, Bona CA, Possible role of anti-idiotypic antibodies in the induction of tumor immunity. J Clin Invest 80:1217, 1987
Ludwig DS, Finkelstein RA, Karu AE, Dallas WS, Ashby ER, Schoolnik GK, Anti-idiotypic antibodies as probes of protein active sites: application to cholera toxin subunit B. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:3673, 1987
Marriott SJ, Roeder DJ, Consigli RA, Anti-idiotypic antibodies to a polyomavirus monoclonal antibody recognize cell surface components of mouse kidney cells and prevent polyomavirus infection. J Virol 61:2747, 1987
Mayer R, Ioannides C, Moran T, Johansson B, Bona CA, Effect of syngeneic anti-idiotypic antibody on influenza virus neuraminidase antibody response. Viral Immunol 1:121, 1987
Monafo W, Greenspan N, Cebra-Thomas J, Davie J, Modulation of the murine immune response to streptococcal group A carbohydrate by immunization with monoclonal anti-idiotype. J Immunol 139:2702, 1987
Nicolson GL, Blaustein J, The interaction ofRicinus agglutinin with normal and tumor cell surfaces. Biochim Biophys Acta 266:543, 1972
Nisonoff A, Lamoyi E, Implications of the presence of an internal image of an antigen in anti-idiotypic antibodies: possible application to vaccine production. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 21:397, 1981
Olsnes S, Closing in on ricin action. Nature 382:474, 1987
Olsnes S, Phil A, Different biological properties of the two constituent peptides for ricin. Biochemistry 12:3121, 1973
Olsnes S, Phil A, Toxic lectins and related proteins. In: Cohen P, Van Heyningen (eds) Molecular action of toxins and viruses. Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam, pp 51–105, 1982
Oudin J, Michel M, Une nouvelle forme d'allotypie des globulins y du serum de lapin, apparément liée a la fonction et a la spécificité anticorps. CR Acad Sci (Paris) 257:805, 1963
Paque RE, Miller R, Modulation of murine coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis utilizing anti-idiotypes. Viral Immunol 1:207, 1988
Praputpittaya K, Ivanyi J, Stimulation by anti-idiotype antibody of murine T-cell responses to the 38kD antigen ofMycobacterium tuberculosis. Clin Exp Immunol 70:307, 1987
Raychaudhuri S, Saeki Y, Fuji H, Kohler H, Tumor-specific idiotype vaccines. I. Generation and characterization of internal image tumor antigen. J Immunol 137:1743, 1986
Raychaudhuri S, Saeki Y, Chen JJ, Iribe H, Fuji H, Kohler H, Tumor-specific idiotype vaccines. II. Analysis of tumor-related network response induced by the tumor and by internal image antigens. J Immunol 139:271, 1987
Raychaudhuri S, Saeki Y, Chen JJ, Kohler H, Tumor-specific idiotype vaccines. III. Induction of T helper cells by anti-idiotype and tumor cells. J Immunol 139:2096, 1987
Raychaudhuri S, Saeki Y, Chen JJ, Kohler H, Analysis of the idiotypic network in tumor immunity. J Immunol 139:3902, 1987
Reagan KJ, Wunner WH, Wiktor TJ, Koprowski H, Anti-idiotypic antibodies to rabies virus glycoprotein. J Virol 48:660, 1983
Reck B, Scheuber PJ, Londoong W, Sailer-Kramer B, Bartsch K, Hammer DK, Protection against the staphylococcal enterotoxin-induced intestinal disorder in the monkey by anti-idiotypic antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:3170, 1988
Sacks DL, Esser KM, Sher A, Immunization of mice against African trypanosomiasis using anti-idiotypic antibodies. J Exp Med 155:1108, 1982
Sacks DL, Kirchloff LV, Hieny S, Sher A, Molecular mimicry of a carbohydrate epitope on a major surface glycoprotein ofTrypanosoma cruzi by using anti-idiotypic antibodies. J Immunol 135:4155, 1985
Schick MR, Dreesman GR, Kennedy RC, Induction of an anti-hepatitis B surface antigen response in mice by noninternal image (Ab-2a) anti-idiotypic antibodies. J Immunol 138:349, 1987
Schindler D, Two classes of inhibitors of peptidyl transferase activity in eukaryotes. Nature 249:38, 1974
Stein KE, Soderstrom T, Neonatal administration of idiotype or anti-idiotype primes for protection againstEscherichia coli K13 infection in mice. J Exp Med 160:1001, 1984
Tanaka M, Saki N, Seto A, Induction of antibodies against Newcastle disease virus with syngeneic anti-idiotype antibodies in mice. Microbiol Immunol 30:323, 1986
UytdeHaag FGC, Osterhaus HDME, Induction of neutralizing antibody in mice against polyomavirus type II with monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody. J Immunol 134:1225, 1985
UytdeHaag FGC, Bunschoten H, Weuer K, Osterhaus HDME. From Jenner to Jerne: towards idiotype vaccines. Viral Immunol 90:93, 1986
Wang MW, Heap RB, Taussig MJ, Blocking of pregnancy in mice by immunization with anti-idiotype directed against monoclonal anti-progesterone antibody. Proc Natl Acad Asci USA 86:7098, 1989
Ward MM, Ward RE, Huang JH, Kohler H, Idiotype vaccine againstStreptococcus pneumoniae: a precursor study. J Immunol 139:2775, 1987
Westerink MAJ, Campagnari AA, Wirth MA, Apicella MA. Development and characterization of an anti-idiotype antibody to the cepsular polysaccharide ofNeisseria meningitidis serogroup C. Infect Immun 56:1120, 1988
Williams WV, Wiener DB, Greene MI, Development and use of antireceptor antibodies to study the interaction of mammalian reovirus type 3 with its cell surface receptor. Methods Enzymol 178:321, 1989
Zettner A, Principles of competitive binding assays (saturation analysis). I. Equilibrium techniques. Clin Chem 19:699, 1973
Zhou EM, Lohman KL, Kennedy RC, Administration of noninternal image monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody induces idiotype-restricted responses specific for human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein epitopes. Virology 174:9, 1990
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chanh, T.C., Kennedy, R.C. & Hewetson, J.F. Anti-idiotype vaccines in toxicology. Int J Clin Lab Res 22, 28–35 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02591390
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02591390