Abstract
Experimental data on compact CO2 lasers excited by high-frequency and dc discharges stabilized by a transverse magnetic field are analyzed. On the basis of the known dc analogy of a high-frequency discharge and the less known analogy between these two discharges, the possibility of scaling the laser parameters for these methods of pumping the active medium is demonstrated. It is shown that, in this case, the similarity transformations of the plasma parameters are determined from the scale invariance of kinetic Boltzmann's equation for all types of particles and lead, in particular, to strict invariance of gas temperatures in such discharges, which is a deciding factor for high-power lasers. Other similarity invariants of the discharges under consideration alone were also derived; these invariants make it possible to perform a physical simulation of these discharges.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
A. A. Rukhadze, N. N. Sobolev, and V. V. Sokovikov,Usp. Fiz. Nauk,161, 195 (1991).
A. von Engel,Ionized Gases, Clarendon, Oxford (1955).
G. Francis,Ionization Phenomena in Gases, Butterworths, London (1960).
S. Pfau, A. Rutscher, and K. Wojaczek,Beitr. Plasmaphysik,9, 333 (1969).
I. E. Tamm, in:Plasma Physics and the Problem of Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions [in Russian], Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow (1958), Vol. 1.
Yu. P. Raizer,Physics of Gas Discharge [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1987).
Yu. P. Raizer, M. N. Shneider, and N. A. Yatsenko,Capacitive High-Frequency Discharge: Physics, Experiments, and Applications [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1995).
J. A. Macken, US Patent No. 4,755,999 (July 5, 1988); “Compact diffusion-cooled CO2 laser”, CLEO'88, Paper FD3;IEEE J. Quantum Electron.,24, 1695 (1989).
H. J. J. Seguin,IEEE J. Quantum Electron.,30, 1868 (1994).
X. S. Zhang, H. J. Baker, and D. R. Hall,J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.,26, 359 (1993); P. P. Vitruk, H. J. Baker, and D. R. Hall,IEEE J. Quantum Electron.,30, 1623 (1994).
J. O. Hirschfelder, C. F. Curtiss, and R. B. Bird,Molecular Theory of Gases and Liquids, Wiley, New York (1954).
A. A. Gukhman,Application of the Theory of Similarity to Study of the Processes of Heat and Mass Exchange: Transport in a Moving Medium [in Russian], Vysshaya Shkola, Moscow (1974).
C. E. Muehe,J. Appl. Phys.,45, 82 (1974).
S. S. Kutateladze,Analysis of Similarity and Physical Models [in Russian], Nauka, Novosibirsk (1987).
H. Margenau,Phys. Rev. 73, 326 (1948).
V. L. Granovskii,Electric Current in a Gas [in Russian], GITTL, Moscow (1952), Vol. 1.
D. R. Hall and C. A. Hill, in: P. K. Cheo and M. Dekker (Eds.)Handbook of Molecular Lasers, (1987).
A. T. Mirzaev, M. M. Mirinoyatov, and V. A. Stepanov,Abstracts of Papers Presented at the First Soviet-Union Conference on the Optics of Lasers [in Russian], Leningrad (1977), p. 366.
K. D. Laakmann,Lasers'78 (CLEO), p. 741;Lasers'80 (CLEO), Rep. TWKK 4;CLEOS'80, Rep. TUKK 3;Lasers'81 (CLEO), Rep. THQ 2;IEEE J. Quantum Electron.,12, Pt. 2, 146 (1981).
J. L. Lachambre,J. Appl. Phys.,32, 652 (1978).
G. Allock and D. R. Hall,Opt. Commun.,37, 49 (1981).
D. He and D. R. Hall,Appl. Phys. Lett.,43, 726 (1983).
C. A. Hill,IEEE J. Quantum Electron.,23, 1968 (1987).
U. E. Hochuli,Rev. Sci. Instrum.,57, 2238 (1986);Rev. Sci. Instrum., 59, 2380 (1988).
J. G. Xin,Opt. Commun.,58, 420 (1986);Appl. Phys. Lett.,51, 469 (1987).
A. D. Colley, H. J. Baker, and D. R. Hall,Appl. Phys. Lett.,61, 136 (1992).
D. R. Hall,CLEO-Europe'94, Rep. CML 1, p. 39; Rep. CWH 3, p. 261;Appl. Phys. Lett.,65, 2904 (1994).
V. V. Sokovikov,Kratk. Soobshch. Fiz. (Bulletin of the P. N. Lebedev Phys. Inst.), No. 1-2, 29 (1993).
V. S. Petukhov,Heat Exchange and Drag in Laminar Flow of a Liquid [in Russian], Energiya, Moscow (1967).
S. S. Kutateladze,Fundamentals of Heat-Exchange Theory [in Russian], Atomizdat, Moscow (1979).
L. N. Orlov,Zh. Prikl. Spektrosk.,16, 437 (1972); N. S. Leshenyuk and L. N. Orlov,Zh. Tekh. Fiz.,43, 2382 (1973).
L. N. Orlov,Thermal Effects in Active Media of Gas Lasers [in Russian], Navuka i Tekhnika, Minsk (1991).
B. V. Alekseev, N. M. Dolgov, and V. V. Sokovikov, Preprint No. 161 of the P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow (1975).
R. Nowack,Proc. SPIE,1276, 18 (1990).
A. A. Kuznetsov, V. V. Kyun, V. G. Leont'ev, et al.,J. Russ. Laser Res.,17, 1 (1996).
N. I. Lipatov,Proc. General Phys. Inst. [in Russian], Moscow (1989), Vol. 17, p. 53;Kvantovaya Élektron.,16, 938 (1989).
T. Holstein,Phys. Rev.,70, 367 (1946).
W. L. Nighan,Phys. Rev. A,2 1989 (1970); R. H. Bullis,Adv. Chem. Phys.,28 423 (1975).
I. P. Shkarovsky, T. W. Johnston, and M. P. Bachinski,The Particle Kinetics of Plasmas, Addison-Wesley, Reading (Mass.) (1966).
N. A. Dyatko, I. V. Kochetov, and A. P. Napartovich, in:High-Frequency Discharge in Wave Fields [in Russian], Gor'kii (1988).
H. J. J. Seguin, C. E. Capjack, D. Antoniuk, and K. A. Nam,Appl. Phys. Lett.,37, 130 (1980);J. Appl. Phys.,52, 4517 (1981).
H. J. J. Seguin, C. E. Capjack, D. Antoniuk, and V. A. Seguin,Appl. Phys. Lett.,39, 203 (1981);Appl. Phys. B,26, 161 (1981).
D. M. Antoniuk, C. E. Capjack, and H. J. J. Seguin,J. Appl. Phys.,55, 708 (1984);Appl. Phys. B,35, 155 (1984).
V. A. Seguin, H. J. J. Seguin, and C. E. Capjack,Appl. Opt.,24, 1265 (1985).
R. Razdan, C. E. Capjack, and H. J. J. Seguin,J. Appl. Phys.,57, 4954 (1985);Appl. Phys. Lett.,48, 1513 (1986);Appl. Opt.,25, 2915 (1986).
A. H. Labun, C. E. Capjack, and H. J. J. Seguin,J. Appl. Phys.,68, 3935 (1990).
C. E. Capjack, A. H. Labun, H. J. J. Seguin, and W. D. Bilida,J. Appl. Phys.,70, 6761 (1991).
R. A. Haas,Phys. Rev. A,8, 1017 (1973).
W. L. Nighan and W. J. Wiegand,Phys. Rev. A,10, 922 (1974).
W. P. Allis,Physica C,82, 43 (1976).
E. F. Jeager, L. Oster, and A. V. Phelps,Phys. Fluids,19, 819 (1976).
A. E. D. Heylen and C. L. Dargan,Int. J. Electron.,35, 433 (1973).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Translated from a manuscript submitted September 17, 1999.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sokovikov, V.V. Similarity of hf discharges as active media of gas lasers: Compact CO2 lasers with high-frequency excitation. J Russ Laser Res 21, 46–61 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02539475
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02539475