Abstract
The long call, which is only given by adult males, is the most frequently uttered orangutan vocalization and the only one which can be heard over long distances. At the Orangutan Research and Conservation Project study area in the Tanjung Puting Reserve, Central Indonesian Borneo, adult males were calling more regularly and frequently than reported from other areas in Borneo. Adult males also exhibited a behavior, not reported elsewhere, sometimes associated with the vocalization of long calls: the pushing over of large snags (branchless dead trees) to the ground. At Tanjung Puting long calls functioned primarily to mediate dominance relationships among adult males who rarely came into direct contact with one another. In addition, long calls may have been helping sexually receptive females locate males.
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Galdikas, B.M.F. The orangutan long call and snag crashing at Tanjung Puting Reserve. Primates 24, 371–384 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02381982
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02381982