Abstract
A number of the physical properties of lithium niobate strongly depend on sample composition. Although several procedures for the determination of the composition have already been published, a critical survey and an introduction to standard methods recommendable also for laboratories active in R&D of LiNbO3 devices is still missing. Within a detailed description of a series of methods, we summarise their capabilities and accuracy. The proposed optical characterisation methods, in particular those based on the generation of second harmonic light and those involving the measurement of birefringence and the UV absorption edge are found to be most convenient for an accurate and fast standard characterisation of LiNbO3 single crystals. An absolute accuracy of 0.1 mol% based on a comparison with the Curie temperature calibration method and a relative accuracy of up to 0.01 mol% are available. Some of these methods are also suited for the two or three dimensional homogeneity control of LiNbO3 single crystals.
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Dedicated to O. F. Schirmer on the occasion of his 60th birthday
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Wöhlecke, M., Corradi, G. & Betzler, K. Optical methods to characterise the composition and homogeneity of lithium niobate single crystals. Appl. Phys. B 63, 323–330 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01828734
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01828734